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All Journal Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum Jurnal Hukum Prioris Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Amicus Curiae
AYU NRANGWESTI
UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI
Religion Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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BEBERAPA ASPEK YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN KEJAHATAN TERHADAP KEMANUSIAAN (CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Ayu Nrangwesti
Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (303.617 KB) | DOI: 10.25105/hpph.v3i2.13125

Abstract

Crimes against humanity are crimes that are classified as delict jure gentium, which have been in the spotlight since the trial of criminals from World War II. Because of the word humanity contained in it, this crime is difficult to understand because it has an abstract and broad value. The Study of crimes against humanity viewed from several aspect of international law.is a way to better understand these crimes. Crimes against humanity in the Rome Statute 1998 are regulated in Article 7. This article describes spesifically the forms ofcrimes agains humanity and their elements. Article 7 places a limit on the act of giving rise to this crime, only for an attack toward civilian population by a state authority. The aspect of universal jurisdiction is the hallmark of crimes against humanity. The universal principle does not pay attention to the area where the crime occurs and does not pay attention to nationality whether is passive or active. Law enforcement for trial and punishment to the perpetrators of this crime is carried out by the International Criminal Court on the basis of state compliance through state consent by ratification and other legally binding methods to the Rome Statute 1998. The state’s obligation to take preventive measures so that crimes do not occur and also prosecuting and punishing the perpetrators can be build as a model of state responsibility. The occurrence of the crimes in the state territorial sovereignity might allows humanitarian intervention by other states based on the doctrine of responsibility to protect, but with 2 (two) main and strict condition only, namely state unwilling and unable, and legalized by the UN Security Council.Key Words: Crimes Against Humanity, Rome Statute 1998, Universal Jurisdiction, Responsibility to Protect, State Compliance, State Obligation.
INVALIDITAS LETTER OF INTENT ANTARA YUNANI DAN DANA MONETER INTERNASIONAL Habibie Hendra Carlo; Ayu Nrangwesti
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (267.408 KB) | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v1i1.10443

Abstract

Berdasarkan Letter of Intent antara Yunani dan Dana Moneter Internasional tahun 2010, Yunani berkewajiban untuk memberikan laporan ekonominya setiap tahun sebagai dasar bagi Dana Moneter Internasional untuk memperpanjang pembiayaannya. Dalam Letter of Intent tahun 2011, 2012, 2013, dan 2014, Yunani menyatakan bahwa Yunani sedang mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi namun berdasarkan kenyataannya Produk Domestik Bruto Yunani turun diatas 10%. Adapun permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimanakah Validitas Letter of Intent antara Yunani dan Dana Moneter Internasional? Dan apabila Letter of Intent dinyatakan Invalid maka permasalahan selanjutnya adalah Apa Sajakah Akibat Hukum terhadap Invaliditas Letter of Intent antara Yunani dan Dana Moneter Internasional? Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah normatif yang dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil Peneliitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) Dalam Letter of Intent antara Yunani dan Dana Moneter Internasional tahun 2011, 2012, 2013, dan 2014 terdapat alasan yang dapat menyebabkan Letter of Intenttersebut menjadi Invalid. 2)Invaliditas Letter of Intent antara Yunani dan Dana Moneter Internasional tahun 2011, 2012, 2013, dan 2014 tidak akan mempengaruhi validitas Letter of Intent tahun 2010 dan Yunani tetap berkewajiban melunasi pinjamannya kepada Dana Moneter Internasional.
KONSEP KEDAULATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Ayu Nrangwesti
Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/hpph.v5i1.15873

Abstract

Kedaulatan adalah konsep yang sangat luas dalam pemaknaannya. Beberapa pihak menyebutkan kedaulatan itu muncul seiring dengan munculnya negara-negara modern. Arti awal kedaulatan adalah pemberi sumber yang sah bagi hukum (souverainete). Kedaulatan mempunyai batasan apabila dilihat dari sudut pandang hak dan kewajiban. Kedaulatan memiliki keterkaitan dengan aspek-aspek antara lain wilayah, kewenangan, hukum, kewarganegaraan dan penduduk. Kedaulatan dapat positif dan negatif. Perspesktif positivisme memberikan definisi kedaulatan sebagai kekuasaan yang tertinggi, absolut, dan tidak ada instansi lain yang dapat menyamakannya atau mengontrolnya, yang dapat mengatur warga negara dan mengatur juga apa yang menjadi tujuan dari suatu negara, dan mengatur berbagai aspek pemerintahan, dan melakukan berbagai tindakan dalam suatu negara, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada kekuasaan membuat undang-undang, menerapkan dan menegakkan hukum, menghukum orang, memungut pajak, menciptakan perdamaian dan menyatakan perang, menandatangani dan memberlakukan traktat, dan sebagainya. Dalam hukum internasional, kedaulatan diakui oleh negara-negara sebagai norma dasar dari masyarakat internasional. Hukum internasional melihat kedaulatan dari 3 aspek yaitu intern, ekstern dan territorial. Kedaulatan telah dikukuhkan di dalam Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa. Pada perkembangannya, kedaulatan dalam hukum internasional telah mengalami evolusi yang diawali dengan international legal sovereignity, Westphalian sovereignity, domestic sovereignity, dan kemudian diakhiri dengan interdependence sovereignity. Saat ini negara-negara mengakui kedaulatan sebagai tanggung jawab. Konsep kedaulatan ini timbul akibat pengaruh perkembangan hak asasi manusia. Negara berdaulat adalah negara yang bertanggung jawab atas kehidupan warganegaranya.
ELABORASI TERHADAP RANCANGAN ARTIKEL INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION (ILC) TAHUN 2019 TENTANG KEJAHATAN TERHADAP KEMANUSIAAN Ayu Nrangwesti; Yulia Fitriliani
Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Hukum Prioris Volume 10 Nomor 1 Tahun 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/prio.v10i1.14295

Abstract

Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan adalah sebuah bentuk kejahatan yang mulai menjadi sorotoan sejak diadilinya para penjahat perang dunia ke-II di Pengadilan Penjahat Perang Nuremberg dan Tokyo. Kejahatan ini merupakan salah satu bagian dari kejahatan-kejahatan yang mengancam nilai-nilai tertinggi kemanusiaan dan mengagetkan masyarakat internasional. Definisi yang pasti dari kejahatan kemanusiaan belum ada. Oleh karena itu, muncul beberapa gagasan untuk memperluas pengertian kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Hukum Internasional sendiri belum memberikan batasan pengertian dari kejahatan ini. Sehingga implementasi dari penegakan hukum dari kejahatan ini hanya dapat dilihat melalui putusan Mahkamah Pidana Internasional. Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan terdiri 3 elemen dasar yaitu elemen kontekstual, elemen konkrit dan elemen fisik. Pada Rancangan Artikel ILC 2019 disebutkan beberapa hal penting yaitu: prinsip aut punire aut dedere, prinsip non refoulment, bantuan hukum timbal balik, kewajiban negara, peradilan yang adil serta perlindungan korban dan saksi. Pada aspek ekstradisi yang paling penting adalah landasan hukumnya yang harus menggunakan perjanjian internasional. Dasar hukum ekstradisi dapat merupakan perjanjian bilateral atau multilateral serta dapat pula mengguna Rancangan Artikel ILC 2019 ini sebagai dasar hukumnya. Pada aspek yurisdiksi, negara tempat dimana pelaku berada mempunyai yurisdiksi utama untuk menghukum si pelaku atau dapat diekstradisikan. Kata kunci: Kejahatan terhadap Kemanusiaan, Rancangan Artikel ILC 2019 tentang Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan Terhadap Kemanusiaan.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERAMPOKAN BERSENJATA DI SELAT MALAKA BERDASARKAN HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL Nabillah Kamila Affandi; Ayu Nrangwesti
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v5i1.15216

Abstract

Ships traveling through the Malacca Strait are disturbed and harmed by armed piracy, as was the case in 1999 when armed thieves attacked the Alondra Rainbow Ship. The existence of this case serves as an example of how many parties must work together to combat crimes that endanger maritime security; this is a challenge in dealing with armed robberies. The issue at hand is how the law should be applied in the case of the Alondra Rainbow Ship's armed piracy in the Malacca Strait and what legal efforts have been made by Indonesia in relation to armed piracy in the Malacca Strait. The type of research is descriptive, the methodology employed is normative legal research, and data collection is done through library research, data analysis is done qualitatively. The results of research, discussion and conclusions show that the coastal state makes special regulations against crimes at sea, both piracy and robbery. Legal remedies that must be taken, among others, are the division of supervisory authority, increasing security and more equitable development of coastal areas.
ELEMEN-ELEMEN DASAR KEJAHATAN TERHADAP KEMANUSIAAN : Basic Elements of Crimes against Humanity Ayu Nrangwesti; Yulia Fitriliani; Maya Indrasti Notoprayitno
Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Hukum Prioris Volume 11 Nomor 1 Tahun 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/prio.v11i1.18772

Abstract

This research was created to analyze the basic elements of crimes against humanity as stated in the 1998 Rome Statute. The study carried out was comprehensive (looking through the context of Indonesian criminal law, human rights law and international law), and comparative (comparing the elements of the crime of genocide). The background to the emergence of the research problem is the uncertainty of the nomenclature of crimes against humanity which includes the word humanity in it. This is because the concept of humanity can give rise to broad interpretations. This research is also motivated by the desire to compare crimes against humanity with the crime of genocide, especially those related to similar or overlapping elements. The problem in this research consists of 2 (two) main problems, namely: First, a comprehensive analytical elaboration of 3 (three) basic elements crimes against humanity; The second analytical elaboration is comparative to the crime of genocide. The aim of this research is ultimately to provide recommendations to the Indonesian government regarding input for reconceiving crimes against humanity in statutory regulations. The benefits of research are both academic (one of the duties of lecturers is conducting research and for teaching materials for international criminal law and human rights law) and practical (for practitioners, such as judges, prosecutors, lawyers, non-governmental organization activists and social/human rights observers man). This research is a type of doctrinal research with a comparative approach. The research data sources used are primary legal materials (primary sources). Apart from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials (secondary sources) are also the main sources in this research. A comparative approach is carried out by comparing the elements contained in crimes against humanity with the crime of genocide. The conclusion of this research is the discovery of 3 (three) main elements of crimes against humanity, namely: Widespread and systematic attacks; Directed attack on civilian people; Imputable to state/organization's policy. The most difficult element to prove is the third element, namely finding a connection between the actions of a person or group of people and their country's policies. The crime of genocide includes concrete and reliable elements that characterize the crime, while crimes against humanity still seem to overlap with the crime of genocide, even with other international crimes. Keywords: Genocide; Imputability; Crimes against Humanity; Widespread and Systematically Attack; Civilian.
KETERKAITAN AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ) DENGAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN (SAFETY AVIATION) DITINJAU DARI HUKUM UDARA: The Relationship Between Air Defense Identification Zone (Adiz) and Aviation Safety in Terms of Air Law Wetik, Winna Elliane Karina; Nrangwesti, Ayu
AMICUS CURIAE Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Amicus Curiae
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/yh826900

Abstract

One of Indonesia's efforts to uphold its territorial sovereignty in the air space is by establishing an Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ). In its implementation, this enforcement turns out to be related to aviation safety. This connection raisedq the problem of how ADIZ is related to  aviation safety in terms of international and national air law. The research method is normative research, with qualitative, descriptive data processing and the use of deductive methods in drawing conclusions. The discussion in this thesis is that there is a connection between ADIZ and aviation safety. First, the ADIZ concept is related to flight routes, where determining these routes is part of enforcing flight safety. Second, ADIZ is determined by taking into account country’s sovereignty in air space. Upholding sovereignty in air space means that countries must comply with aviation safety standards and recommendations set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Upholding sovereignty is also related to the aspect of aircraft nationality which is the main requirement in investigating aircraft accidents. Third, ADIZ can be realized because there is permission by subjacent state to enforcing aviation safety, national law is prioritized, although it must still pay attention to the provisions of international law.    
DOKTRIN “RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT” DALAM PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN TERHADAP KEMANUSIAAN DI REPUBLIK SUDAN TAHUN 2023: The Principle Of "Responsibility To Protect" In Addressing Crimes Against Humanity In The Republic Of Sudan In 2023 Yonathan Andrew; Ayu Nrangwesti
Reformasi Hukum Trisakti Vol 6 No 3 (2024): Reformasi Hukum Trisakti
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/refor.v6i3.21258

Abstract

Differing views on sovereignty and intervention gave birth to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle which emphasizes the responsibility of states to protect their people from war crimes, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing. The armed conflict in Sudan showed violations of the R2P principle that caused thousands of casualties and sexual violence. The problem of this article is the status of the R2P principle in international law and whether the UN Security Council resolution implementing R2P can be a precedent for applying the R2P principle in Sudan. This article is normative juridical research, descriptive-analytical in nature, using secondary data, qualitative data processing, and deductive conclusions are drawn. The results show that the position of the R2P principle is internationally recognized in various UN documents and resolutions and the UN Security Council has not applied the R2P principle in the case of Sudan.
Co-Authors Habibie Hendra Carlo Maya Indrasti Notoprayitno Nabillah Kamila Affandi Wetik, Winna Elliane Karina Yonathan Andrew Yulia Fitriliani Yulia Fitriliani