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Graciadiana. I. Huka
Jurusan Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Ambon
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ANALISA PENGARUH VARIASI KUAT ARUS PENGELASAN FLUX CORED ARC WELDING (FCAW) TERHADAP SIFAT KEKERASAN PADA DAERAH HAZ BAJA KARBON RENDAH Huka, Graciadiana. I.; Matheus, Josef; Nanulaitta, Nevada JM.; Pattikayhatu, Erwin Bravor
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v2i1.2579

Abstract

Welding is a process of joining metals by utilizing electric power as a source of welding heat. Flux-Core Arc Welding (FCAW) is a welding process that uses a heat source from electricity that is converted into a heat source in an electric arc, in this FCAW welding the type of protection used is flux or powder that is in the core of the welding wire (the welding wire is rolled in a roll). This research aims to observe changes in hardness values after welding, both low carbon steel hardness in the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) area and outside the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) area. Welding using V-joints with angles of 45° and 60° and varying the voltage strength at 16 volts, 18 volts and 20 volts. Hardness testing using the Rockwell method where the highest hardness value of the HAZ area for 45 is 22.95 HRD at a voltage strength of 20 volts. For V-joints for an angle of 60°, the highest hardness value of the HAZ area is also at a voltage strength of 20 volts with a value of 24.10 HRD. The highest increase in hardness value is at the V-angle 60° joint with a voltage of 20 volts with a hardness value of 21 HRD while the lowest is the V-angle 45° joint with a voltage of 16 volts at 18.67 HRD. Keywords: Hardness Value, HAZ (Heat Affected Zone), FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding)
ANALISA VARIASI KAMPUH DAN ARUS LISTRIK LAS PADA MATERIAL BAJA KARBON MENENGAH TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO SAMBUNGAN LAS Lasamahu, Stevanno B D; Huka, Graciadiana I; Nanulaitta, Nevada. JM
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of weld groove variations and welding current on the tensile strength and microstructure of medium carbon steel joints using FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding). The researcher employed a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The specimens used in this research include FCAW with V-groove and 90 A current, FCAW with V-groove and 70 A current, FCAW with X-groove and 70 A current, FCAW with X-groove and 90 A current, raw material specimens, and microstructure specimens. The data analysis reveals that the highest average tensile stress value among the welded specimens was 463.50 MPa, observed in the FCAW X-groove with 90 A current specimen, while the FCAW V-groove with 70 A current specimen showed the lowest value at 295.1 MPa. Regarding the strain values, the FCAW X-groove with 90 A current specimen had the lowest average strain of 4.15%, whereas the FCAW V-groove with 70 A current specimen had the highest at 5.36%. In terms of microstructure, the FCAW V-groove with 70 A current specimen exhibited martensite, pearlite, and ferrite structures in the weld zone, and ferrite and pearlite structures in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. For the FCAW X-groove with 90 A current specimen, pearlite and ferrite structures were found in the weld zone, HAZ, and base metal. Keywords: Carbon Steel, Weld Groove, Welding Current, Tensile Test, Microstructure
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI ARUS PENGELASAN TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO PADA SAMBUNGAN LAS SMAW DAN FCAW DENGAN MATERIAL BAJA KARBON RENDAH Jovancko. S. S. Picanussa; Nevada. JM Nanulaitta; Graciadiana I Huka
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v2i3.2889

Abstract

Carbon steel is a type of alloy steel consisting of various elements, especially iron (Fe) and carbon (C). In general, the properties of steel are influenced by the percentage of carbon and the microstructure of the steel which is influenced by the composition of the steel and heat treatment. The welding process can change the structure and composition of the steel. In this study, the welding process used is SMAW and FCAW welding. Then the testing process is carried out, namely tensile testing and microstructure to see the effect of variations in the welding current used. In this study, the author will analyze the effect of variations in welding current on tensile strength or mechanical properties as well as the structure and composition of the specimen to be tested in this case medium carbon steel. The welding methods used are FCAW (Flux Core Arc Welding) and SMAW (Shield Metal Arc Welding). The results of this study, the author found that the welding current has an effect on the tensile strength and microstructure of medium carbon steel. Where for tensile strength, the greater the welding current used, the greater the tensile strength of the specimen where the current range used must be adjusted to the thickness of the workpiece used. In FCAW 90A the value obtained is 438.30 MPa and the strain value is 6.20% and SMAW 90A the value obtained is 438.20 MPa and the strain is 7.20%. Likewise, the Pmax and ΔL values where in SMAW 90 ampere the Pmax value is 43.82 KN and ΔL 3.60mm, FCAW 90 ampere the Pmax value is 43.83 KN and ΔL 3.10mm. With this, the author concludes that with a material thickness of 8mm and a current variation of 70 amperes and 90 amperes, it was found that at a larger welding current of 90 amperes, the tensile strength obtained was greater and for the microstructure, the author found changes in the structure of the welding results in FCAW welding where in the raw material the structure found was ferrite and pearlite while for the FCAW welding results, a beanite structure was found. Keywords: Welding, tensile strength, microstructure.
EVALUASI KINERJA CARGO OIL STRIPPING PUMP TYPE BORNEMANN TWIN SCREW 2HM4200-100 DI KAPAL MT. NONI T Yuliens Anggin Kayadoe; Roy R Lekatompessy; Graciadiana I Huka; Sanny Hahury
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v2i2.2919

Abstract

Evaluation of the performance of cargo oil stripping pumps on the Mt. Noni T ship is needed for smooth loading and unloading of avtur at PT Pertamina Prata Niaga Integrated Wayame Ambon. Pumps that operate continuously will experience a decrease in work. This can be caused by several factors, namely the age of the pump, and the level of roughness of the pipe that causes an increase in head loss. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of cargo oil stripping pumps on the MT. Noni T. The method carried out in the study uses a quantitative method with 2 variables. The independent variable is the input power and output power of the pump while the bound variable is the efficiency of the pump. The data obtained consisted of primary data and secondary data. The methods used when collecting data are interview, observation, and documentation methods. The result of this study is that there is a decrease in pump efficiency which was initially 100% to 80% influenced by the life of the pump and its operating time. Suggestions that can be given are Conducting periodic inspections of the pump to prevent damage that may occur in the future and Conducting inspections of the pump drive motor so that the pump works properly.Keywords: Screw, pump, efficiency, tanker, Flow.
ANALISA LAJU KOROSI PIPA SCH 40 SEAMLESS DENGAN VARIASI MEDIA PENGKOROSIAN AIR PAYAU DAN AIR LAUT Cindy Gabriel Maitimu; Leslie S. Loppies; Denny Ismail Pellu; Graciadiana I Huka
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v2i2.2920

Abstract

Metals, especially steel, are widely used in various industrial applications due to their strength and durability. However, corrosion is a significant drawback that can shorten the life of the material. This research aims to analyze the corrosion rate of SCH 40 seamless pipes with a variety of corrosion media: brackish water, sea water, aquadess, NaCl solution, and oxygen, in conditions without paint coating and with paint coating. The research method uses the weight loss method according to the ASTM G102-89 standard, where the corrosion rate is measured in millimeters per year (mmpy) by calculating the difference in pipe weight before and after immersion. The results show that the corrosion rate without paint coating is: brackish water 0.00016 mmpy, sea water 0.00014 mmpy, aquadess 0.00016 mmpy, NaCl 0.00015 mmpy, and oxygen 0.0000045 mmpy. Seawater showed the lowest corrosion rate, possibly due to the formation of a passive protective layer. Oxygen had the lowest corrosion rate, indicating that oxygen alone does not cause significant corrosion without moisture. With paint coating, the pipe corrosion rate becomes: brackish water 0.00000125 mmpy, sea water 0.00000125 mmpy, aquadess 0.00000268 mmpy, NaCl 0.00000107 mmpy, and oxygen 0.00000125 mmpy. The use of paint coatings significantly reduces the rate of corrosion, especially in corrosive media such as brackish water, sea water and salt solutions. These results emphasize the importance of paint coatings to extend the service life of pipes by reducing the speed of corrosion. Key words: corrosion, seamless pipe, paint coating, corrosion media, corrosion rate, weight loss method
Pengaruh Variasi Persentase Cangkang Kerang (Caco3) Dan Karbon Arang Kayu Nani Pada Proses Karburasi Terhadap Sifat Mekanis Serta Laju Korosi Baja Karbon Sedang Graciadiana I Huka; Josef Matheus; R.R. Lekatompessy; Nevada J.M Nanulaitta
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v3i1.3348

Abstract

The effect of additives such as seashells (containing CaCO₃) and nani wood charcoal on the mechanical properties of steel during the carburizing process is significant. The addition of CaCO₃ acts as a catalyst, accelerating carbon diffusion into the steel's microstructure, thereby increasing surface hardness and flexural strength. The results showed that increasing the percentage of CaCO₃ up to a certain point can increase the hardness and strength of the steel, with the highest hardness value achieved at a variation of 50% CaCO₃ and 50% nani wood charcoal, at approximately 21.93 HRC. Hardness testing showed that the variation of additives directly affected the final hardness, with the highest value being achieved at the optimal combination of CaCO₃ and nani wood charcoal. In addition to hardness, other mechanical properties, such as bending strength, also showed an increasing trend with increasing CaCO₃ proportions up to the optimal point, namely at a variation of 70% CaCO₃ and 30% nani wood charcoal, which resulted in a bending stress of 32.64 MPa and a bending strength of 3336.14 MPa. Therefore, the adjustment of the proportion of additives is a key factor in optimizing the mechanical properties of steel through the carburizing process enriched with these natural materials. Keywords: seashells, nani wood charcoal, catalyst, a bending strength
Analysis of the Effect of Paint Adhesion and Hardness on the Car Body Painting Process by Varying the Percentage of Paint Mixture Nevada J.M Nanulaitta; Graciadiana I Huka; F Demmatacco; Berthy Pelasula
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): APRIL
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v3i1.3351

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of varying paint and thinner mixtures and the number of coats applied on the adhesion and hardness of car paint. The research method used was experimental, varying the paint:thinner ratio (100:110, 100:120, 100:130, and 100:140) and the number of coats applied (2 and 3). Adhesion testing was performed using a Cross-Cut Adhesion Tester, while hardness testing was performed using a Shore D Durometer. The results showed that a paint:thinner ratio of 100:130 provided optimal results for both tested parameters. In the adhesion test, the 100:130 ratio achieved level 5B (best) with no paint peeling, while in the hardness test, it reached the highest value of 88.77 HD. Excessive addition of thinner (ratio 100:140) resulted in a decrease in quality, with adhesion decreasing to level 3B and hardness dropping to 83.3 HD. Variations in the number of coats showed that using two coats provided more consistent results than three coats, especially in terms of adhesion. This study concluded that an optimal balance between paint and thinner is crucial for achieving good paint quality, with a 100:130 ratio providing the best results for automotive body painting applications. Keywords: Automotive Body Painting, Paint Adhesion, Paint Hardness, Paint-Thinner Mixture Variations, Paint Coating
PENGARUH VARIASI CAMPURAN BIODIESEL MINYAK JELANTAH TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN PADA MESIN DIESEL Berthy Pelasula; R.R Lekatompessy; NJM Nanulaitta; Graciadiana I Huka; Hendry de Fretes
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): DESEMBER
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v3i3.3867

Abstract

This study investigates the transient behavior of internal combustion engines (SI Engine) using various ethanol-gasoline blends (E0 to E10). The research aims to analyze the impact of bioethanol concentration on engine stability across two operational regimes: low speed (1500 RPM) simulating idle conditions and medium speed (2000 RPM) representing transition to workload. The experimental method involved sequential microscopic recording of crankshaft fluctuations at specific intervals. The results demonstrate that at 1500 RPM, E10 significantly improves operational stability, reducing fluctuations to only 10 RPM compared to 60 RPM for E0, due to the oxygenated nature of ethanol. Conversely, at 2000 RPM, higher ethanol concentrations (E8 and E10) lead to performance deficits and unstable combustion phases. This is attributed to the lower heating value (LHV) of ethanol, which results in a 3% to 4% reduction in chemical energy input, and high latent heat of vaporization that causes intake cooling and non-uniform vaporization.  Key word : bioethanol, SI engine, engine stability, fluctuations RPM
Optimalisasi Kekerasan Baja ST-42 Melalui Karburasi Ramah Lingkungan Berbasis Biokarbonat Cangkang Kepiting dan Modulasi Suhu Tempering Semuel M.J.S Tuny; H. S. Latumaerissa; Erwin B Pattikayhatu; Nevada Nanulaitta; Graciadiana I Huka
Journal Mechanical Engineering Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): DESEMBER
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31959/jme.v3i3.3871

Abstract

ST-42 low-carbon steel inherently possesses limitations in its surface mechanical properties, particularly regarding hardness and wear resistance. This study aims to enhance the material's functionality through pack carburizing and tempering heat treatments, utilizing the innovation of crab shell waste which is rich in Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) as a biogenic catalyst to replace the toxic synthetic Barium Carbonate (BaCO3). The carburizing process utilized a mixture of walnut shell charcoal and 30% crab shell powder, followed by rapid quenching in SAE 20-50 oil, and subsequent tempering at varying temperatures from 200°C to 600°C. Hardness was evaluated using the Rockwell (HRC) method. The results demonstrated that the integration of the crab shell catalyst accelerated the Boudouard reaction via massive CO2 emissions, significantly increasing the surface hardness by 22.80% to an average of 138.34, compared to a mere 10.49% increase achieved without a catalyst. During the tempering phase, heating within the 200°C – 400°C range resulted in a marginal hardness decrease due to the formation of fine carbide particles that maintained wear resistance while relaxing residual stresses. Conversely, extreme heating at temperatures between 500°C – 600°C caused a drastic hardness reduction down to 125.325, driven by the dissolution of the rigid martensite structure into a ductile ferrite phase, accompanied by carbon spheroidization. In conclusion, crab shells are highly effective as an eco-friendly energizer that drastically boosts carbon diffusion, while modulating the tempering temperature provides precise control over the material's hardness-to-ductility balance. Keyword : St-42 low-carbon steel, pack carburizing, crab shell, tempering, Rockwell (HRC) method
Co-Authors Annafiyah Annafiyah Annafiyah Auliana Diah Wilujeng Berthy Pelasula Berthy Pelasula Cindy Gabriel Maitimu Denny Ismail Pellu Dewi, Ratna Ayu Pawestri Kusuma Erwin B Pattikayhatu F Demmatacco H. S. Latumaerissa Hendry de Fretes Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Imam A Hanifah Josef Matheus Josef Matheus Jovancko. S. S. Picanussa Julian Salakory Kayadoe, Yuliens Anggin Lasamahu, Stevanno B D Lekatompessy, Roy R Leslie S Loppies Leslie S. Loppies Loppies, Leslie S. Maitimu, Cindy Gabriel Nanulaitta, Nevada J. M. Nevada. J. M. Nanulaitta Nevada. JM Nanulaitta Pattikayhatu, Erwin Bravor Pellu, Denny Ismail Picanussa, Jovancko. S. S. R.R Lekatompessy R.R. Lekatompessy Ratna Ayu Pawestri Kusuma Dewi Roy R Lekatompessy Salakory, Julian Sanny Hahury Sanny Hahury, Sanny Semuel M.J.S Tuny Yuliens Anggin Kayadoe