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All Journal Dialogue: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) jle Jurnal Semesta Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation Journal of Academic Biology and Biology Education Journal of Language, Literature, and Educational Research Techno Agriculturae Studium of Research Research of Scientia Naturalis
Mardy Serey
Svay Rieng University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Physics Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Effects of Different Level of Sawdust Substrates on the Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotusostreatus) Chanthan Or; Putheasath Sin; Chhun Hong; Vanchey Ros; Tithya Kang; Saroeun Kong; Dina Pen; Mardy Serey
Techno Agriculturae Studium of Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/agriculturae.v1i4.1513

Abstract

The objective of the experiment was to test the effect of different levels of sawdust substrates on the growths and yields of oyster mushroom. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involved five treatments and four replications. The treatments were T1: rice husk 70% plus other substrate, T2: rice husk 80% plus other substrate, T3: rice husk 90% plus other substrate, T4: rice husk 80% plus other substrate and T5: rice husk 100% plus with other substrate. A total of 500 bags were representatives for 5 treatments or 100 bags for 4 replications or 25 bags for one replication. Three randomize mushroom bags among 25 bags in each replications were representative samples to measurement. Though the experiment shows that length, cap diameter, number of fruit body/packet, yield/packet and total yield in 25 bags were not significant different (P>0.05) among different treatments but total yield was better when sawdust used at 80%and substrates from rice husk (25%), rice straw (5%), rice bran (5%) and other element substrates.
The Main Challenges Affect Cambodian's Milled Rice Exports Sinuon Chhun; Mardy Serey
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1433

Abstract

Rice serves as a vital staple for 85% of Cambodian households, particularly those residing in rural areas. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has prioritized the export of milled rice as a strategic pillar for economic growth, poverty reduction, and improved living standards. However, the export of Cambodian rice faces several challenges, primarily related to meeting the stringent quality standards demanded by high-income markets and increasing competition from producers of fragrant rice. Furthermore, the review identifies obstacles within the governmental processes for rice export documentation, as well as issues impacting rice processing and trading. These challenges include limited government support, financial constraints, unreliable electricity supply, and elevated transportation and milling costs, which ultimately contribute to higher retail prices.
Spatial Pattern of Wild Orchids in Battambang Province, Cambodia Net Si; Sovanndary Nuon; Mardy Serey
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1437

Abstract

KESORKOL, scientifically known as Orchidaceae, is a captivating genus of flowering plants endemic to Cambodia. Despite its significance, scientific research on wild orchids in Cambodia has been limited, leading to concerns about the preservation of these unique species. To address this knowledge gap, a study was conducted over 22 months in Battambang province to identify and document wild orchids. The research focused on four districts, resulting in the discovery of 642 individual orchids belonging to 79 species and 38 genera. The study aimed to determine the genera, species, habitats, and locations of wild orchids in Battambang. This information is crucial for understanding their distribution and developing effective conservation strategies. Given the historical lack of extensive research on Cambodian orchids, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive scientific studies to identify rare and valuable species. Such efforts are essential for preserving the country's rich biodiversity.
Spodoptera Frugiperda (Fall Armyworm) Economic Impacts and Management Strategies on Maize Production in Cambodia: A Review Article Vibol Nget; Monipheap Nem; Mardy Serey
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1438

Abstract

Maize is a significant crop in Cambodia and is extensively grown in upland areas with higher rainfall and suitable soil conditions. The production of maize in Cambodia is being affected by the presence of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which can significantly reduce productivity without proper control methods. Fall armyworm (FAW) is a crop insect pest originally from America, which was later discovered in West Africa in 2016 and appeared in Cambodia in March 2019. It affected 11,142 hectares of maize in four provinces within the following four months. The most affected are smallholder farmers with limited access to information, tools, technologies, and management practices to predict, identify, and manage an infestation of FAW in their fields. Cambodia is not yet prepared to address this pest. The main deficiencies are the absence of a control strategy for FAW, the lack of resources for disseminating knowledge, such as farmer field schools and trainer training, and the lack of research on it. This review aims to identify best practices and deficiencies that Cambodian farmers should consider in controlling FAW infestation. These measures are urgently needed and can be quickly tested and expanded to mitigate the impacts of FAW on maize production. This is accomplished through academic literature from scholarly articles, government regulations, international publications, and credible news about the status of FAW worldwide, in Asian nations, and in Cambodia. When using the push-pull method, the number of larvae per plant is reduced by 82.7% to 86.7%, along with a higher yield. In Cambodia, Metarhizium anisoliae is a fungal biopesticide that effectively controls FAW, while Bacillus thuringiensis and neem oil are not effective. Since the efficacy of biopesticide is longer-term and these products are difficult to access, Cambodian farmers prefer to use synthetic insecticides to suppress FAW. Emamectin benzoate, a chemical compound, is found to be popularly used by farmers in Cambodia for controlling FAW, and its efficacy has been proven to be highly effective. There is a significant concern about the resistance of this synthetic pesticide if farmers are not properly advised. Large-scale agro-advisories can play an essential role in minimizing the incidence of FAW and helping smallholder farmers take timely precautions to reduce potential crop loss. Integrated pest management is the best strategy for managing FAW.
Effect of Intercropping of the Cover Crop and Peanut on the Growth and Yield of Cassava that Grown by No-Ridging in the Highlands of Rattanak Mondul District, Battambang Province Valyseavmey Thuok; Chhanun Nil; Mardy Serey
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1439

Abstract

This article focuses on the practice of conservation agriculture, mainly on soil fertility, soil erosion reduction, soil erosion, and cover crop studies. The study highlights the need for additional support to encourage conservation agriculture adoption, particularly for small-scale farmers. Support measures should include financial assistance to cover initial costs and secure land tenure to promote long-term investments. Despite these advantages, several challenges hindered conservation agriculture adoption. Especially after eliminating tillage and banning herbicides, farmers faced challenges with weed management in the first two years. But conservation agriculture practices improved soil structure by eliminating tillage, which enhanced water retention and drainage, helping crops withstand extreme climate events such as the 2013 flash floods and the 2012 and 2014 droughts. Limited access to affordable conservation agriculture equipment, such as no-till planters, further complicates adoption. Since most farmers prefer to grow cassava, it is easy to grow, but it was too long, so it may take a long time for farmers to plant the next crop, so in this study we conducted a study with planting by adding or inter-kind of crop such as cover crop and peanuts in cassava that no-ridging to find out the benefits of peanuts and cover crop, peanuts acting as a secondary crop after cassava. For data collection research, data analysis methods were taken from the collection of biomass samples of crops that interacted in cassava and samples of yield, then evaluated and analyzed.
Requirements and Challenges for Profitable Practice Implementation by Smallholder Farmers Sodyna Soeurm; Mardy Serey
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1442

Abstract

Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD), practiced by some in rice farming, is one approach where water use efficiency can be improved and gaseous emissions mitigated while productivity is maintained. However, it also involves intermittent irrigation, allowing the fields to dry out before re-irrigation, as opposed to continuous flooding. They discovered that it is possible to reduce water use by around 25–30% while increasing rice yields by improving root growth and tiller production. Researchers have also discovered that AWD offers significant environmental advantages, such as a 50% reduction in methane emissions. Even though AWD has good potential, smallholders face many challenges when implementing it. These issues stem from the stability of food yields, insufficient knowledge, and restricted access to available infrastructure or technology. Moreover, farmers are hesitant to switch from traditional methods due to concerns that it could be a high-risk activity and involve labor-intensive water management chores. In addition, AWD needs both dependable water delivery infrastructure and monitoring equipment that often do not exist in remote or resource-constrained regions. For the widespread adoption of AWD, we must implement capacity-building initiatives alongside policy backing and investments in irrigation infrastructure. We address the benefits and challenges of AWD for small farmers who want to explore sustainable rice farming.
Integration into Formal Economy: A Systematic Review on the Challenges and Opportunities for Informal SMEs in Cambodia Chanthan Or; Sophat Phon; Mardy Serey
Journal of Law and Economics Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Yayasan Kawanad

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.360

Abstract

The informal economy accounts for a substantial share of economic activity across developing nations, where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) serve as primary engines for job creation and income generation. Yet informality frequently confines these enterprises to persistent cycles of low productivity and economic vulnerability. Drawing on 12 studies published between 2000 and 2025, our systematic literature review examines the multifaceted barriers and pathways associated with transitioning informal SMEs into the formal economy, with particular attention to Cambodia. We synthesize theoretical frameworks on informal economy dynamics and SME development, analyze Cambodia's informal sector characteristics, identify formalization obstacles, and examine integration possibilities. Our literature search spanned multiple databases—JSTOR, Google Scholar, and repositories from the ILO, UNDP, World Bank, and ADB. We selected peer-reviewed articles and reports addressing informal economy and SME formalization in Cambodia and Southeast Asia more broadly. Our findings reveal that despite substantial barriers—financial constraints and regulatory complexities—targeted policy interventions can unlock considerable integration potential.
Effectiveness of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal in the Water Treatment Process at Khmer Beverages, Phnom Penh Mardy Serey; Sreypov Chhorn; Chinda Chhe
Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jocli.v2i2.2249

Abstract

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to understand the process of water treatment in each step and to understand the effectiveness of the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater. Methodology: For nitrogen removal must be through many processes such as Nitrogen fixation, or Ammonification, and Denitrification. For the phosphorus. The additional Ferric Chloride in the Aeration tanks to a reaction between the melt and the mud bolts is separated at the Clarifier tank. The Coagulation basin adds Ferric Chloride at 40% concentration of 0.05ml in contaminated water 1000ml for nitrogen and phosphorus concentration tests and studied in the condition the nitrogen can be removed from contaminated water well depending on the pH value and temperature. The removal of phosphorus by adding 0.05ml ferric chloride and 5ml of polymer cation 1040 (powder) can tank up to 80% phosphorus at the temperature of 200C and pH 7. Main Findings: As a result, the good conditions for nitrification are the pH of between 7.5 and 8.6 at temperature in the tank between 200C and 250C and the denitrification has a pH of between 7.5 and 8 and temperature in the tank from 200C to 350C. Result show that the remaining phosphorus is below the ministry of environment standard set (P <2mg/l). Novelty/Originality of this study: The next study should observe the amount of polymer to be applied after adding iron and studying the speed of iron chips as it affects the removal of phosphorus.
Evaluating the Economic Efficiency of Crop Production in the Floodplain During the Dry Season in Chulkiri District, Kampong Chhnang Province Mengponleu Chea; Mardy Serey; Oudam Ponh
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): November
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v5i4.1197

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the status of crop production and evaluate the costs, benefits, opportunities, and challenges along Tonle Sap Lake during the dry season. Methodology: Data were collected from 47 farmers, 10 vendors, and four local authorities through random interviews followed by questionnaires. The cost-benefit ratio, net present value (NPV), and sensitivity analyses were conducted, assuming a 9% cost overrun and a 5% yield decrease for analysis data. Main Findings: The study found, that farmers employ crop rotation and expertise from nearby farmers to grow beans, corn, sweet chilli, and melon from December to August. Floodplain crop production is moderately profitable, despite a 10% increase in total costs, with labor, irrigation, fertilizer, weeding, and pesticides being the high expenses. Challenges such as labor scarcity, financial literacy deficits, pest management issues, falling crop values, climate variability, and insufficient seed storage further complicate floodplain agriculture. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research explores floodplain farming's financial efficiency, and sustainability, utilizing cost-benefit analysis, sensitivity analysis, and qualitative evaluations to address Cambodia's unique agricultural challenges in the floodplain area.
Roles of Women in Living Income: Coping Strategies and Perception of Waste Collectors in Battambang Town, Battambang Province Phearun Koy; Mardy Serey
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i1.1203

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This research study aims to explore the specific roles women play in this field, the disparities they face compared to men, and their coping mechanisms. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was used for this research, combining quantitative data from household surveys and desk reviews with qualitative data from key informant interviews. The study reviewed relevant research papers, articles, and reports, including project progress reports, published journals, guidelines and policies related to waste collection, and research reports from other researchers and policymakers. Main Findings: The research findings revealed that women's family status significantly impacts their economic decisions, often leading them to work for pay to support their families. Household surveys showed that women comprised 64% of respondents, and 54% had no schooling. Additionally, 37% of respondents were aware of women's roles in providing for their families, while key informant interviews with community organizations confirmed this understanding. While the study found that 60% of respondents believed that increased women's rights would not compromise men's rights, 40% disagreed. Some respondents expressed concerns about men losing their privileges if women gained more rights. However, the study concluded that women's contributions to household income should be valued more, and that collaborative efforts are needed to achieve gender empowerment and economic management. Novelty/Originality of this study: Through this research, the master plans for solid waste management will be developed and the partnership with private sector will be strengthened to improve waste management practices and increase income for waste collectors.
Co-Authors Alberto Pagilagan Borosh Chhim Chanrathany Sam Chanthan Or Chanthan Or Chhanun Nil Chhun Hong Chinda Chhe Dina Pen Hak Keo Hak Keo Hendra Prasetyo Mengponleu Chea Monipheap Nem Neang Reachana Net Si Oudam Ponh Pao Srean Phearun Koy Polyva Toch Putheasath Sin Rany Sam Sam Et Ry Samnang Chhin Sannisa Seng Saroeun Kong Sereyrath Em Sinuon Chhun Sodyna Soeurm Soeung Sit Sokwin Phon Sophat Phon Sophat Phon Sophea Phon Sopheap Yun Sothea Hill Sovanndary Nuon Sreypov Chhorn Srun Puthearith Tan Mengly Tharath Lun Tithya Kang Toknoy San Valyseavmey Thuok Vanchey Ros Vibol Nget