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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Fajar Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Indonesia (JHII) Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
Imam Fadhil Nugraha
Universitas Hasanuddin
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Ketidakhadiran Negara dan Ketahanan Ekonomi Ilegal: State Fragility di Pedesaan Kolombia M. Rezky Fatiha Thamrin; Imam Fadhil Nugraha
Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Fajar Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Edisi Juni
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Fajar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47354/jihif.v4i2.1272

Abstract

This study explores how the structural absence of the state facilitates the persistence of illegal economic activities through governance mechanisms that exclude the state in rural areas of Colombia. Although Colombia has a globally recognized democratic system of government, the state has consistently failed to establish a tangible presence in remote areas. For years, these regions have been dominated by various armed groups such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN). Using a qualitative approach focused on library research, this study combines three main analytical frameworks: state instability, non-state governance, and the illegal economy as a resilience system. The research findings indicate that the absence of the state in rural Colombia is not merely due to the lack of public services. It is also a condition actively shaped by historical political decisions that have neglected peripheral regions. These structural conditions create an opening that armed groups systematically exploit by offering an effective alternative form of governance, while the coca economy serves as the material foundation that continuously reinforces and perpetuates this cycle. This explains why interventions that focus solely on a single aspect of the cycle never yield significant structural change. Keywords: State Fragility, State Absence, Illegal Economy, Non-State Governance, Colombia
Human Security dan Multi-Level Governance dalam Pemenuhan HAM Diaspora Musllim Indonesia di Korea Selatan Darmianti Darmianti; Imam Fadhil Nugraha
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67434/ijssh.v6i2.2592

Abstract

The migration of Indonesian citizens to South Korea shows a trend that is increasing every year. Behind this migration, the Indonesian Muslim diaspora still faces discrimination based on minority identity, impacting on the safe space of the diaspora. This study aims to analyze the limitations of state actors in fulfilling human security, especially community security, for the Muslim diaspora, and analyze the role of the Indonesian Muslim Community (KMI) that is present in the midst of the limitations left by the state. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through literature studies. The concept of human security from UNDP and multi-level governance by Hooghe and Marks is used to examine the dynamics of human rights protection reviewed at each level. The results of the study show that Indonesia as a sending country is still based on formal procedures so that the protection of human rights is reactive, then from the side of South Korea as the receiving country is in a condition of uncertainty of the anti-discrimination legal order and social conditions that have not fully accepted minority identities. This study found that each level in the multi-level governance configuration experienced coordination problems so that KMI was present through a community-based solutions approach by carrying out the function of substitution, practical and emotional assistance. Thus, the fulfillment of the human security of the Indonesian Muslim diaspora is more based on the sense of togetherness that grows organically from the community rather than from the state's structural guarantees
Reframing Bioterrorism After The 2001 Anthrax Attack: Strategic Shifts In U.S. Counterterrorism Policy: Mengubah Perspektif Terorisme Biologis Pasca Serangan Antraks 2001: Pergeseran Strategis dalam Kebijakan Kontraterorisme AS Callysta Emily Asterina; Imam Fadhil Nugraha
Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): July-Desember, 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijctns.v3i2.27001

Abstract

This article examines the 2001 Anthrax attacks as a turning point in US counterterrorism strategy, emphasizing how the event redefined biological threats as matters of national security. Using information from intelligence reports, how governments have responded to this, and a theoretical framework based on Michel Foucault's idea of biopolitics, this study looks at intelligence failures and the move from reacting to counterterrorism to being proactive. The securitization of health is explored as a means by which microbial threats can be transformed into strategic tools for state control, with consequences for civil liberties, global diplomacy, and public trust. The article argues that bioterrorism, particularly the anthrax case, should be understood not only as a security breach, but also as a political event that altered the way in which the state governs life. By doing so, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of how non-traditional threats can reshape security frameworks in the modern era concerning to the topic discussed.
Ketimpangan Ekologis Global dalam Produksi Ketidakamanan Lingkungan Keysha Natania Putri Muntu; Imam Fadhil Nugraha
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): JHII 2026
Publisher : Lampung Center for Global Studies (LCGS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhii.v7i2.126

Abstract

This research discusses the phenomenon of fast beauty as part of the development global capitalism, which remains underexplored within Internatial Relation studies. Unlike previous research that focuses on individual consumer risks or corporate sustainability, this study shifts the analytical focus toward ecological risks at the global level. By comparing the logic of fast beauty and fast fashion within a global political economy perspective, this study argues that fast beauty is not only about consumer behaviour, or digital marketing, but reflects a broader pattern of structured consumerism. Through complex global supply chains, ranging from resource extraction in the global south to distribution in global north consumer market. This study shows that rapid production cycles, high output volume, and trend influencer-driven business model intensify ecological pressures, while environmental costs are not distributed evenly within the production system. As a result, ecological burdens are disproportionately shifted to production regions with greater vulnerability.
Co-Authors Callysta Emily Asterina Darmianti Darmianti Keysha Natania Putri Muntu M. Rezky Fatiha Thamrin