Marulitua Gultom, Yosua Saut
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A BRIEF SKEPTICISM: THE DISCOURSE OF THE COPENHAGEN SCHOOL AND CYBER SECURITY IN INDONESIA Ghiffary Abdurrahman, Muhammad Kamil; Marulitua Gultom, Yosua Saut
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v7i2.9712

Abstract

The evidence shown from the last decade shows that Indonesia has been the constant target of cyber attacks, hence, the urgency to respond cyber threats with its according and appropriate response: a more securitized response. The existing literatures, however, have shown that the academic discourse national retaliation against the cyber threat is rarely guided by the Copenhagen School’s Securitization Theory, which has established a massive gap on why the the discourse has not been the mainstream approach on tackling Indonesia’s national threat on its cyber infrastructures. As a conclusion, the analytical lenses by the Barry Buzan and Ole Waever is strictly adopting concepts to define its own securitization process, but each concepts are still lacking of the depth required to wholefully understand how ideal securitization should and would work. Nonetheless, putting a state’s political actor as the securitization actor deemed to be putting too much emphasize as the state as the main national stakeholders, putting the society in an absurd position within the process of securitization.
Challenges for China in the Establishment of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Marulitua Gultom, Yosua Saut; Fathun, Laode Muhammad
Journal of International Relations on Energy Affairs Vol 5 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations Universitas Pertamina

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51413/jisea.Vol5.Iss2.2024.210-222

Abstract

This research aims to provide a descriptive explanation of how the formation of economic integration through the RCEP case study is able to form a new order of regionalism in the region. This research also tries to explore the challenges for China as the main economic power in the economic integration. This research utilizes the concepts of third wave regionalism and free trade zones through a descriptive qualitative study approach. The research finds that although China and ASEAN are positively on the same track regarding the establishment of RCEP, it is challenged by broader regionalism such as the Sino-Indian rivalry and other similar regionalism mechanism challenges. The article concludes that it is necessary for China to face the challenges by establishing a fair and acceptable cooperation arrangement for the global south so that RCEP can be beneficial for both parties.