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The Comparison of Free Cell and Immobilization Cell Fermentation on Bioethanol Production from Sorghum Stem by SSF and SHF Method Permanasari, Ayu Ratna; Syamfitri, Arum; Maharani, Devina; Setyaningrum, Sinta; Wibisono, Wahyu
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): October 2024
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v8i2.5755

Abstract

Bioethanol is a new and renewable energy source that can be produced from plants or crops containing sugars, starch, and lignocellulose. Sorghum stem contain a significant amount of sugar and lignocellulose. This study utilized sorghum stem in bioethanol production using Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) methods. These two processes are generally used in the prouction of bioethanol with raw materials containing lignocellulose. However, raw materials derived from sweet sorghum stems has not been widely used in the previous studies. This study aimed to determine the effect of fermentation using free cell and cell immobilization techniques on various pH, as well as to identify the most optimal fermentation method (SHF or SSF) for producing the highest ethanol content in sorghum stem fermentation.  The fermentation was conducted at pH levels of 3, 4, and 5. Sorghum stem were processed into powder and followed by delingnification process by 3% of NaOH solution to degrade the lignin content. The hydrolysis process of sorghum stem used cellulase enzymes as the biocatalyst. Fermentation was carried out using Saacharomyce in term of dry yeast for 72 h. The results showed that the increasing within the range pH of 3-5 will increase the ethanol concentration. Freecell technique gave the better result over the immobilized. The best result reached out the ethanol concentration of 13.04 % by the SSF.
Penerapan Manajemen Resiko Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Di Era Globalisasi Maharani, Devina; Maharani, Irsyad; Setiawati, Merika
Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Pendidikan | E-ISSN : 3062-7788 Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Oktober - Desember
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

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Abstract

The application of risk management in the education sector is a crucial strategy for improving quality and competitiveness in the era of globalization. The global era brings new challenges in the form of rapid technological change, ever-evolving competency demands, and increasingly fierce international competition. This paper reviews how risk management is applied in educational institutions to identify, evaluate, and control various potential risks that can hinder the achievement of educational quality. By using a structured approach to managing risks such as curriculum implementation delays, failure of learning technology devices, and resource mismatches, educational institutions can improve the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process and the quality of graduates. The implementation of appropriate risk management not only reduces negative impacts but also opens up opportunities for innovation and adjustments needed to meet global demands. Therefore, strengthening risk management is a key factor in maintaining the continuity of quality and relevance of education amidst global competition. This study presents basic concepts along with practical steps in implementing risk management in the world of modern education.