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Bahasa Inggris Putri Ayu Salsabila; Della Ainurrohma; Indah Wahyuningtyas
Journal of Biobased Chemicals Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Biobased Chemicals
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jobc.v4i2.1410

Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuels has now occurred in various parts of the world. Meanwhile, the demand for fuel energy continues to increase. This condition encourages researchers to look for alternative fuels with high availability of raw materials. Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly renewable energy with biomass production raw materials, it can be an alternative solution to replace fuel oil. One of the biomass that has the potential to be used as a raw material for bioethanol production is tobacco. Tobacco stems have high cellulose and hemicellulose content so that they can be used in bioethanol production. This research method uses base pretreatment and base hydrolyzate, then fermentation and distillation processes are carried out. The results of tobacco stem bioethanol were analyzed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach, Central Composite Design (CCD) model. During the fermentation process, three independent variables were used, namely the fermentation time of 72-168 hours, pH 4-5, and starter concentration of 0.1% - 0.3%. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of ethanol content showed that the significant variables were the fermentation time and starter concentration. The results of the CCD analysis were obtained at optimum time conditions of 120 hours, pH 4.5 and starter concentration of 0.2% with a bioethanol content of 23.007%.
Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai Benteng Hak Asasi dalam Sistem Pendididkan Nasional Sahla Aulia; Muhammad Zenal Muttakin; Ramma Fawaz Abqari; Putri Ayu Salsabila
Jembatan Hukum : Kajian ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Administrasi Negara Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Juni : Jembatan Hukum : Kajian ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Administrasi Negara
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/jembatan.v2i2.1773

Abstract

This research aims to examine the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in protecting and guaranteeing the right to education as part of human rights and the constitutional rights of Indonesian citizens.Education enshrined in Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is a fundamental right of every citizen that must be fulfilled by the state without discrimination.However, in its implementation, there are still gaps in access and violations of constitutional rights, especially for vulnerable groups and communities in marginalized areas. This research raises two main issues: (1) the gap in access and quality of education experienced by vulnerable groups and how the Constitutional Court protects those rights; and (2) violations of constitutional rights in the field of education.