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Decolonizing Character Representation: A Postcolonial Analysis of Race-Swapping in Disney’s The Little Mermaid Movie (2023) Tano, Andreas; Simanjuntak, Immanuel Sheva
Jurnal Pendidikan Makarios Vol 2 No 1 (2024): BOANERGES
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh Makarios

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This article investigates the implications of race-swapping character representation in the 2023 live-action adaptation of Disney's "The Little Mermaid," focusing on the casting of Halle Bailey, a Black actress, as Ariel. Utilizing postcolonial criticism frameworks, particularly Robert J.C. Young's theories, this study explores the historical and cultural significance of this casting decision. The findings suggest that the movie's approach to race-swapping serves as a means to challenge and redefine traditional racial narratives within popular media. The research identifies three primary outcomes: 1) Reimagining racial roles is exemplified in the movie by the casting of a Black actress in a traditionally white role disrupts conventional racial representations, prompting viewers to reconsider the historical association of race with specific characters and roles. 2) The race-swapping encourages viewers a re-evaluation of historical narratives in the story, deepening the audience's understanding and allowing for a more inclusive perspective of the past of different racial groups. 3) Upon promoting racial inclusivity and diversity, the movie strives to prioritize the significance of acknowledging the historical experiences of the marginalized societies in an effort not to be forgotten or eliminated. The movie approach leads to dual perspectives and biases: promoting inclusivity while also at the same time reimagining historical issues related to race. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of critically engaging with media representations to foster a more inclusive and representative cultural landscape by examining its historical biases. The movie's innovative approach to character representation encourages the need for ongoing dialogue about the intersections of race, history, and societal roles in contemporary media.

Interfaith Dialogue and Unity in Diversity: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Pope Francis’s Speeches (2024) in Jakarta Tano, Andreas
Jurnal Pendidikan Makarios Vol 2 No 2 (2025): BOANERGES
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh Makarios

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This study employed Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), a qualitative method to examine Pope Francis’s (2024) speeches in Jakarta, integrating Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive framework (2006) and Ruth Wodak’s discourse, historical approach (2001). As the result, the findings emerge: 1) The Pope’s rhetorical strategies; such as, inclusive pronouns (e.g., “we”) and metaphors like “bridges of dialogue”, construct collective identity and align with Indonesia’s national motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Unity in Diversity), framing interfaith harmony as a moral imperative. 2) The speeches depict power dynamics by positioning the Church as a “servant of the common good,””compassion,” “mercy,” and “inclusivity” which aligns with the Islamic principles (e.g., rahmatan lil ‘alamin), legitimizing the alignment to state policies while subtly outlining systemic inequities, in line with van Dijk’s concept of symbolic power. 3) The discourse reconciles historical tensions by referencing Indonesia’s conflict struggles and avoiding contentious terms like “conversion,” reflecting Wodak’s emphasis on the role of historical context in shaping communication. The Pope’s rhetoric strategically engages Indonesia’s past events and present-day religious policies to foster reconciliation and legitimize the Church’s role in a pluralist society. Through textual analysis, contextual triangulation with policy documents, and ethical rigor, the study draws attention to the Pope’s strategic balance of affirming state-endorsed pluralism while advocating for grassroots justice, demonstrating CDA’s efficacy in decoding religious diplomacy in diverse societies.

Wooden Beginnings, Human Struggles: Pinocchio’s Character Development Through Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages Tano, Andreas; Warouw, Carissa Florenze Isabelle; Martin, Violet Ayuwandira Larasati
Jurnal Pendidikan Makarios Vol 3 No 1 (2025): BOANERGES
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh Makarios

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This study analyzes Carlo Collodi’s Pinocchio through Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory to trace the character’s psychological growth across childhood stages. Using qualitative, descriptive analysis, the research examines how Pinocchio’s experiences embody Erikson’s developmental crises. The results reveal three key findings: 1) Pinocchio’s disobedience and peer influence illustrate Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, reflecting a child’s struggle for independence under external pressures. 2) His refusal to heed guidance highlights Initiative vs. Guilt, as he experiments with choices but risks moral error. 3) His eventual responsibility and care for Geppetto demonstrate Industry vs. Inferiority, showing his attainment of competence and integrity. Pinocchio’s transformation into a real boy symbolizes the successful resolution of these crises, affirming Erikson’s claim that growth emerges from overcoming challenges. This study concludes that Pinocchio reflects universal childhood struggles and offers psychological insight into moral and social development.

Unveiling the Semiotics of Cigarette Advertising: Analyzing Propaganda Strategies Tano, Andreas; Simanjuntak, Immanuel Sheva
Jurnal Pendidikan Makarios Vol 1 No 1 (2023): BOANERGES
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh Makarios

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This study aims at demonstrating how prolonged exposure to media, particularly in cigarette ads, can shape individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and values. The cultivation theory by Gerbner, G. (1998) was applied in the analysis to show the mentioned issues. Besides, the study also investigated the role of cinematography, specifically cameraworks, and employed a semiotic approach to explore signs and symbols in the ads. Ferdinand de Saussure's (1916) "signifier" and "signified" framework was used to illustrate how visual elements construct narratives, shedding light on how cigarette ads subtly influence perceptions of smoking and its lifestyle implications. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that: 1) It is revealed that extensive exposure to media, including cigarette ads, distorts perceptions of smoking's prevalence and harm, potentially influencing initiation or continuation of smoking behaviors. 2) Cinematography, analyzed through semiotics, unveils how visual elements in cigarette ads construct intricate narratives. The interplay of "signifier" and "signified," rooted in Saussure's framework, showcases how camera techniques convey nuanced implicit and explicit meanings. 3) Cigarette ads employ a dual-layered approach, blending explicit messages of courage with implicit motives of empowerment. Regular media consumers are more inclined to perceive these messages as reflective of reality. The examination illustrates the interrelated aspects of cinematography, and semiotics, discussed by using cultivation theory in molding the complex issues of cigarette advertisements. The interaction among these components impacts how viewers perceive, shape stories, and nurture distinct convictions and viewpoints.

Reframing History: New Historicism in Cinematic Critique of World War II Perspectives in 'The Fighter Pilot' (2013) and 'Saving Private Ryan' (1998) Tano, Andreas; Simanjuntak, Immanuel Sheva
Jurnal Pendidikan Makarios Vol 1 No 2 (2024): BOANERGES
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh Makarios

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This study aims at showing the biases of two contrast movies, ‘The Fighter Pilot’ on the Japanese side and ‘Saving Private Ryan’ on the American side in the context of New Historicism. Having the two movies analyzed, the New Historicism theory by Stephen Greenblatt (2011) was used to reveal the motives of both works. Two contextual aspects of the narratives were contrasted, ‘Idealized Image" vs. Realism’. Hence, the cinematography aspects of both movies were also analyzed to reveal the emotional impacts and the motives of the characters. As a result: 1) Emphasizing the themes of sacrifice, friendship, and loyalty, "The Fighter Pilot" presents an idealized image of Japanese fighter pilots during WWII, romanticizing their heroism, sacrifices, and positive qualities. 2) The portrayal of the American soldiers in the ‘Saving Private Ryan’ shows an idealized image of virtuous, patriotic, and brave individuals dedicated to duty, peacekeeping, and sacrifice for the greater good, using cinematic techniques to enhance heroism, while depicting the chaos and horrors of war, including the emotional toll on soldiers and moral dilemmas in the same era. 3) Both movies avoid depicting unpleasant scenes of WWII, contributing to a one-sided perspective that compromises the historical accuracy by selectively portraying narratives to fit a particular motive. Thus, historical movies can be a tool for shaping one’s perspective on historical events either to remember or to forget certain occurrences.

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