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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems
Sa-ngiamvibool, Worawat
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Journal : Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

 1 
Improved load frequency control with chess algorithm-driven optimization of 3DOF-PID controller Ardhan, Kittipong; Chansom, Natpapha; Audomsi, Sitthisak; Sa-Ngiamvibool, Worawat; Obma, Jagraphon
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i5.9871

Abstract

In contemporary hybrid power systems, persistent load fluctuations disrupt the delicate balance between electrical output and mechanical torque, thereby compromising frequency stability. Load frequency control (LFC) mechanisms are indispensable in maintaining this equilibrium, particularly in systems integrating renewable and thermal energy sources. This study introduces a three-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral-derivative (3DOF-PID) controller optimized via the novel chess optimization algorithm (COA) and evaluates its efficacy against the ant lion optimizer (ALO) and Harris Hawks optimization (HHO). Extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations were conducted on a hydrothermal system, with performance assessed through objective functions—integral of absolute error (IAE) and integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE). The COA consistently yielded the lowest cumulative error values (IAE=0.1548 and ITAE=0.2965), demonstrating its superiority in steady-state performance. However, COA exhibited substantial dynamic deviations, including an overshoot of 387.79% and undershoot of 4513.8% in ∆ftie. Conversely, HHO offered a significantly enhanced transient response, achieving 0% undershoot in ∆ftie with minimal oscillatory behavior. ALO displayed moderate performance but struggled with higher undershoots and prolonged settling time. The findings underscore the criticality of algorithm selection in controller design. While COA excels in minimizing long-term errors, HHO is preferable for applications requiring heightened dynamic stability and responsiveness.
Load frequency control of multi-source power system using PID+DD controller based on chess algorithm Areeyat, Chatmongkol; Audomsi, Sitthisak; Obma, Jagraphon; Yang, Xiaoqing; Sa-ngiamvibool, Worawat
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.10425

Abstract

This article presents load frequency control for a nonlinear multi-source power system divided into three areas, consisting of thermal reheat power plants, hydropower, and wind generation, while considering generation rate constraints (GRC). A proportional–integral–derivative (PID) plus second-order derivative (PID+DD) controller optimized using the chess algorithm (CA) is proposed. The effectiveness of CA is validated against hippopotamus optimization (HO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and ant lion optimizer (ALO) under two scenarios: a 10% step load perturbation (SLP) and a random load pattern (RLP). Simulation results indicate that the proposed CA significantly improves dynamic performance. In scenario 1 (10% SLP), CA achieves a reduction of approximately 30.5% in integral weight time absolute error (ITSE) compared to GWO and 43.7% compared to HO, while also reducing frequency undershoot in Area 2 by 15.2% compared to HO. In scenario 2 RLP, CA maintains robustness, limiting tie-line power deviations to ±8 MW, whereas HO exhibits deviations exceeding ±12 MW. Overall, the CA-tuned PID+DD controller demonstrates superior damping, reduced overshoot and undershoot, and enhanced stability across multi-area interconnected renewable systems, making it a promising approach for future real-time load frequency control (LFC) applications with higher renewable penetration.
Co-Authors Ardhah, Kittipong Ardhan, Kittipong Areeyat, Chatmongkol Audomsi, Sitthisak Buranaaudsawakul, Techatat Chansom, Natpapha Dulyala, Rattapon Obma, Jagraphon Yang, Xiaoqing