Brahmana, Febi Febonecci S.
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PROBLEMATIKA ETIKA DALAM PRAKTIK ADVOKASI PADA KASUS-KASUS DI INDONESIA Brahmana, Febi Febonecci S.; Putri, Helmalia; Yusuf, Dhea Ananda Puspita; Siregar, Halimatusaddiah; Nasution, Habibi Irham Buana; Nasution, Nazri Adhlani
Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 8 No. 4 (2024): Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.3783/causa.v8i4.7449

Abstract

Ethical problems in advocacy practice are complex and crucial issues for the sustainability and public trust in the legal profession. This study aims to identify factors that contribute to ethical violations in advocate practice, as well as review the effectiveness of the applicable code of ethics. Using the desk research method, this study collected data from various relevant literature, including scientific journals, reference books, code of ethics regulations, and reports from advocate professional organizations. The results show that ethical dilemmas in the advocate profession often arise due to conflicts of interest, pressure from clients, and a lack of understanding of ethical values. External factors, such as economic demands and socio-political influences, also play an important role in encouraging violations of the code of ethics. Although the code of ethics for advocates has been implemented, its effectiveness still needs to be improved through stronger supervisory mechanisms, continuous ethics training, and strict sanctions for violators. By strengthening these aspects, it is hoped that advocates will be able to carry out their functions with greater integrity, thereby increasing public trust in the justice system. Problematika etika dalam praktik advokasi merupakan isu yang kompleks dan krusial bagi keberlangsungan serta kepercayaan publik terhadap profesi hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap pelanggaran etika dalam praktik advokat, serta meninjau efektivitas kode etik yang berlaku. Menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka, kajian ini mengumpulkan data dari berbagai literatur terkait, termasuk jurnal ilmiah, buku referensi, regulasi kode etik, dan laporan dari organisasi profesi advokat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dilema etika dalam profesi advokat sering kali muncul akibat konflik kepentingan, tekanan dari klien, dan kurangnya pemahaman tentang nilai-nilai etis. Faktor eksternal, seperti tuntutan ekonomi dan pengaruh sosial-politik, juga memainkan peran penting dalam mendorong pelanggaran kode etik. Meskipun kode etik profesi advokat sudah diterapkan, efektivitasnya masih perlu ditingkatkan melalui mekanisme pengawasan yang lebih kuat, pelatihan etika berkelanjutan, serta sanksi tegas bagi pelanggar. Dengan penguatan pada aspek-aspek ini, diharapkan advokat dapat menjalankan fungsinya dengan integritas yang lebih tinggi, sehingga kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem peradilan juga meningkat.
Criminal Responsibility for Mercenaries: A Comparative Study Between Islamic Criminal Law and International Criminal Law Brahmana, Febi Febonecci S.; Ramadani
Al-Risalah VOLUME 25 NO 2, NOPEMBER (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-risalah.vi.58863

Abstract

This study explores the issue of criminal responsibility for mercenaries, individuals who participate in armed conflicts for material gain, either through direct recruitment or as part of organized groups. The primary purpose of the research is to analyses how criminal liability for mercenary actions is conceptualized in both Islamic Criminal Law and International Criminal Law, given the complex legal challenges posed by their involvement in cross-border conflicts. The methodology employed is normative juridical with a comparative approach, analyzing relevant legal sources including the 1949 Geneva Convention Additional Protocols and primary Islamic legal texts. The study systematically compares how each legal system treats the criminal accountability of mercenaries based on their roles during conflict. The results reveal that under Islamic Criminal Law, mercenaries who engage in rebellion (bughāt) may be subject to capital punishment, as referenced in Qur’an Surah Al-Hujurat verse 9. In contrast, International Criminal Law treats mercenaries as individuals subject to the national laws of the country where the offense occurs (locus delicti), with limited recognition of mercenaries as combatants. The originality of this study lies in its comparative framing, bridging two distinct legal traditions that are rarely analyzed together in the context of modern warfare. The implications underscore the need for a more coherent and adaptive policy framework to address the transnational nature of mercenary activity and ensure equitable legal accountability across jurisdictions.