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All Journal Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Tan Kiew Lee
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Characterizing the Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Bacterial Isolates from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Bhutan Tan Kiew Lee; Hasrita Soleiman
Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjorl.v1i2.79

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a persistent middle ear infection characterized by recurrent ear discharge and hearing loss, significantly impacting the quality of life. Biofilm formation by bacteria plays a crucial role in the chronicity and recalcitrance of CSOM to conventional antibiotic treatments. This study aimed to characterize the biofilm-forming capacity of bacterial isolates from CSOM patients in Bhutan and assess their antibiotic susceptibility. Methods: Ear swab samples were collected from 100 patients diagnosed with CSOM at a tertiary hospital in Bhutan. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques, including Gram staining, culture on selective media, and biochemical tests. Biofilm formation was quantitatively assessed using the crystal violet assay, and the biofilm architecture was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm-forming isolates was determined using the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay. Results: The most prevalent bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35%), Staphylococcus aureus (25%), and Escherichia coli (15%). A significant proportion of these isolates (70%) exhibited strong biofilm-forming capacity. CLSM revealed a complex three-dimensional structure of the biofilms with channels and water passages, facilitating nutrient transport and waste removal. Biofilm-forming isolates demonstrated significantly higher MBEC values compared to their planktonic counterparts, indicating enhanced antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant prevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria in CSOM cases in Bhutan. The enhanced antibiotic resistance of these biofilms emphasizes the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies, such as biofilm-disrupting agents or targeted drug delivery systems, to effectively manage CSOM and prevent associated complications like hearing loss and intracranial infections.
Oral Health Status and its Association with Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study in Semarang, Indonesia Husin Sastranagara; Syaifudin Syaifudin; Tan Kiew Lee; Nurul Hanifah; Brian Edgar Wicaksana
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v2i2.171

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor and non-motor functions, including oral health. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the oral health status of PD patients in Semarang, Indonesia, and its association with disease severity over time. Methods: A cohort of 100 PD patients diagnosed according to the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank criteria were recruited from the Neurology Clinic of Private Hospital, Semarang. Oral health assessments, including Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, periodontal status, and oral hygiene habits, were conducted at baseline and annually for three years. Disease severity was assessed using the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression models. Results: The majority of PD patients exhibited poor oral hygiene and a high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease. DMFT scores and periodontal indices worsened significantly over the three-year follow-up period. Disease severity, as measured by H&Y stage and UPDRS scores, was significantly correlated with poorer oral health status. Regression analysis revealed that higher UPDRS scores at baseline predicted a more rapid decline in oral health over time. Conclusion: PD patients in Semarang, Indonesia, experience significant oral health challenges that are associated with disease severity and progression. These findings highlight the need for integrated oral healthcare in the management of PD to improve patients' overall quality of life.
Co-Authors Brian Edgar Wicaksana Hasrita Soleiman Husin Sastranagara Nurul Hanifah Syaifudin