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All Journal BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Jurnal Geologi Kelautan: Media Hasil Penelitian Geologi Kelautan
Napitupulu, Moses
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Earth & Planetary Sciences

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ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION FROM BACKSCATTER DATA OF ADCP INSTRUMENT IN WEST SUMATRA WATERS Napitupulu, Gandhi; Farihah, Rizqi Ayu; Manik, Henry Munandar; Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia; Napitupulu, Moses; Bernawis, Lamona Irmudyawati; Radjawane, Ivonne Milichristi; Kusmanto, Edi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.871

Abstract

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) conventionally used to monitor ocean current profiles and potentially detect zooplankton distribution remains largely unexplored. Zooplankton are key consumers in the marine food chain, therefore understanding their distribution is critical. This study aims to map the distribution of zooplankton in West Sumatra waters using ADCP backscatter data. Data analyzed encompass ocean current measurements, backscatter, and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles collected from March 1 to 3, 2017. Raw ADCP digital counts were converted into mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) in dB using sonar equations, proportional to zooplankton biomass. The conversion process involved corrections for sound attenuation due to distance and water absorption, ADCP transducer angle correction, and noise correction. Processing results revealed zooplankton distribution in raw ADCP data ranging from 20 to 160 counts and in MVBS data spanning -140 dB to -40 dB. MVBS values derived from ADCP acoustic signal processing were filtered within the -100 dB to -60 dB range, representing the zooplankton backscatter range. Zooplankton distribution was observed at depths of 0-300 m. Vertical zooplankton distribution was generally high in the 100-200 m layer and decreased at 0-100 m and 200-300 m. This is attributed to the influence of the Equatorial Undercurrent transporting zooplankton biomass from the Indian Ocean to West Sumatra waters at depths of 100-200 m, characterized by high salinity (34.6-35.2 PSU) and cold temperatures (19°-21°C). This study demonstrates the utility of ADCP in observing zooplankton distribution based on their backscatter values and the influence of ocean currents in transporting zooplankton biomass.
RESPON SINGKAT KONSENTRASI KLOROFIL-A TERHADAP PERUBAHAN ARUS EDDY PERMUKAAN DI WILAYAH PERAIRAN TELUK TOLO DAN SEKITARNYA Napitupulu, Gandhi; Lukman, Annisa Aulia; Hatmaja, Rahaden Bagas; Kartadikaria, Aditya Rakhmat; Radjawane, Ivonne Milichrisiti; Millina, Ananda Vista; Akbar, M Apdillah; Napitupulu, Moses
JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN Vol 22, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/jgk.22.1.2024.877

Abstract

Upwelling, sebuah proses oseanografi yang sangat penting, memperkaya air permukaan dengan massa air yang kaya nutrisi dari lapisan yang lebih dalam. Upwelling dapat terjadi sebagai respon dari dinamika arus eddy, dan ini kami temukan salah satunya di perairan Teluk Tolo dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh arus eddy terhadap upwelling di wilayah tersebut dengan menggunakan data citra satelit dari Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS),  Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) dan model klimat dari ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA 5). Data suhu permukaan laut (SST), klorofil-a permukaan laut (SSC), tinggi permukaan laut (SSH), dan angin permukaan laut (SSW) digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana arus eddy memengaruhi upwelling di wilayah kajian selama periode 15 tahun pengamatan (tahun 2006 hingga 2020). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah arus eddy yang terbentuk adalah 341 buah (195 buah untuk eddy siklonik (CE) dan 146 buah untuk eddy antisiklonik (AE)). Jumlah maksimum CE (AE) ditemukan pada bulan Januari dan Juni (bulan Juli dan Oktober) serta minimum pada bulan September (bulan Mei). CE menyebabkan anomali negatif SST serta anomali positif SSC dengan perubahan signifikan setelah dua hari CE terbentuk. Karakteristik anomali SST dan SSC pada CE didukung melalui nilai EPV (Ekman pumping velocity) positif (maksimum 3,5x10-6 m/s) yang mengindikasikan adanya upwelling. Sedangkan AE menyebabkan anomali positif SST serta anomali negatif SSC, dan mulai berubah tiga hari setelah AE terbentuk dengan nilai EPV negatif (minimum -1,1x10-6 m/s) yang menandakan adanya downwelling. Pengaruh eddy pada perairan Teluk Tolo dan sekitarnya terhadap upwelling lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan pengaruh angin pada bulan Juni, Juli, dan Agustus.
IMPACT OF SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT, WIND SPEED, AND PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY ON SHIPPING SAFETY IN INDONESIAN ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANES Fathurohman, Azkal; Napitupulu, Gandhi; Fujiawati, Ghina; Napitupulu, Moses
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 40, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.40.1.2025.895

Abstract

Unexpected and unpredictable extreme weather poses significant risks to maritime activities, particularly in Indonesian waters and the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes, known as ALKI, which have been internationally recognized for shipping and aviation since 1985. This study assesses these risks by analyzing patterns of wave height, wind speed, and rainfall along ALKI to improve shipping safety and mitigate accident risks. Data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 for the period 1993 to 2023 and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) for 2001 to 2020 were processed using descriptive statistics and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) methods. The results reveal high waves (1-2.5 m) and strong winds at Beaufort scale 4 prevailing in northern Indonesian waters from December to February and southern waters from June to August. Higher rainfall (350-600 mm) occurs in the northern region from September to November and in the southern from December to February. Extreme waves (90th percentile) reach up to 3 m in open ocean areas such as the Natuna Sea, western Sumatra, southern Java, the Maluku Sea, and northern Papua Sea. Extreme winds are observed over open ocean areas, with slight spatial shifts, as seen in the Arafura Sea (9-10 m/s). Extreme rainfall (250-350 mm) is concentrated in the northwestern region. EOF analysis identifies global climate phenomena and regional oceanographic dynamics as the primary drivers of significant wave height variability. Improved understanding of weather variability can enhance navigation safety along the ALKI routes and inform more effective regulation, law enforcement, and monitoring.
Co-Authors Akbar, M Apdillah Bernawis, Lamona Irmudyawati Edi Kusmanto Fathurohman, Azkal Fujiawati, Ghina Hatmaja, Rahaden Bagas Henry Munandar Manik Kartadikaria, Aditya Rakhmat Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia Lukman, Annisa Aulia Millina, Ananda Vista Napitupulu, Gandhi Radjawane, Ivonne Milichrisiti Radjawane, Ivonne Milichristi Rizqi Ayu Farihah, Rizqi Ayu