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Sami’an, S.
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Keberlanjutan Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Indonesia: Analisis Yuridis Penyesuaian Harga dalam Kontrak Konstruksi Yanuar, Riko; Saputro, Adi; Sami’an, S.
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.385

Abstract

This study examines the mechanism of price adjustments in construction contracts in Indonesia from philosophical, juridical, and practical perspectives. The background of this issue stems from fluctuations in construction material prices, which often threaten the sustainability of infrastructure projects. To address this issue, this study aims to analyze the philosophical foundations and legal doctrines underlying the price adjustment mechanism, evaluate the regulatory framework in Indonesia, and formulate recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of dispute prevention and resolution mechanisms. Employing a juridical-normative research method, this study analyzes the principle of contractual fairness and the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus as the foundation for price adjustments. The results show that Law Number 2 of 2017, Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018, and their implementing regulations have regulated the mechanism of price adjustments; however, their implementation still faces obstacles in the form of administrative complexity and transaction costs. To increase the effectiveness of this mechanism, the standardization of price adjustment clauses referring to international best practices, such as the FIDIC contract standards, is needed. In addition, optimization of a digital technology-based price information system, capacity building for stakeholders, and development of effective dispute resolution mechanisms, mainly through arbitration, are necessary. In conclusion, this study affirms that harmonising philosophical foundations, legal doctrines, adaptive regulations, and effective dispute prevention and resolution mechanisms is the key to optimizing price adjustments in construction contracts to support the investment climate and sustainable infrastructure development in Indonesia.
Arbitrase dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Klaim Biaya Konstruksi Akibat Perpanjangan Waktu: Studi Hukum Perjanjian di Indonesia Indahwati, Amaliyah Noor; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.388

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the resolution of construction cost claim disputes arising from time extensions, focusing on the arbitration mechanism. The findings indicate that delays in the completion of construction projects not only give rise to cost claim disputes but also necessitate a meticulous analysis of the causes of the delays and the responsibilities of the parties involved. In this regard, arbitration offers a more effective and efficient dispute resolution mechanism than litigation. The advantages of arbitration, including the speed of the process, confidentiality, expertise of arbitrators, procedural flexibility, and binding awards, make it a favourable option for the parties. Therefore, the parties must pay close attention to the arbitration clause in the construction contract. This clause must be formulated clearly and definitively, encompassing the types of construction cost claim disputes arising from time extensions, including claims for price adjustment, overhead costs, extension of performance bonds, material demurrage, and equipment idleness. In addition, the parties can also utilize the Binding Opinions of the BANI Arbitration Center as an instrument for dispute prevention and resolution. For information, Binding Opinions have binding legal force on the parties and are enforceable through the District Court. Thus, the Binding Opinions of the BANI Arbitration Center are beneficial as a dispute resolution instrument and contribute to the development of legal scholarship.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Konstruksi melalui Negosiasi: Studi Kasus Perubahan AMDAL untuk Proyek Infrastruktur Ketenagalistrikan Sebastian, Reza Rafly; Wisatrioda, Bayu; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.389

Abstract

Electricity infrastructure development in Indonesia often faces disputes that can potentially hinder project completion. One of the prominent issues in construction disputes is the amendment to the EIA, which is legally regulated by Law Number 32 of 2009 and Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study on Project X, an electricity transmission line construction project. Data were collected through literature review, document analysis, and participatory observation of the negotiation process. The results show that the Contractor’s financial constraints were the root of the dispute in Project X, which had implications for the delayed completion of the amendment to the EIA. Negotiation, as an ADR mechanism, played a crucial role in resolving this dispute. The success of the negotiation was supported by interactional dynamics characterized by effective communication, adaptive leadership, and comprehensive data support. This case study affirms the repositioning of negotiation as an effective dispute resolution mechanism in the construction context, especially involving environmental aspects. This research also emphasizes the importance of compliance with EIA regulations, especially Law Number 32 of 2009 and Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, and highlights the need for effective communication strategies in the negotiation process to reach a sustainable agreement.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Konstruksi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air melalui Dewan Sengketa Tetap: Studi Kasus PLTA Asahan 3 Wisatrioda, Bayu; Sebastian, Reza Rafly; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.392

Abstract

Electricity deficits in North Sumatra have hindered regional economic growth. The Asahan 3 HEPP, a national strategic project, was constructed to address this crisis. However, the Lot I Civil Works contract encountered complexities, resulting in 25 contractor claims within the first 20 months. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the SDB in resolving construction disputes at the Asahan 3 HEPP following a contract amendment. Employing a qualitative case study with a descriptive-analytical approach, the research examines the dynamics of dispute resolution before and after SDB activation. Primary data were gathered through interviews and observations, while secondary data were sourced from project documents and relevant legal literature. The findings indicate that the Engineer’s Determination proved ineffective, with only one claim resolved prior to the amendment. Contract Amendment No. 1 activated the SDB clause in accordance with the FIDIC Harmonised Edition 2010 General Conditions, replacing the previously implemented Ad-hoc mechanism. Post-amendment, the SDB, comprising independent experts, successfully issued five formal opinions, resolving all 25 contractor claims. This success was underpinned by the competence of the SDB members, their comprehensive understanding of the project, and the efficiency of the procedures. The study concludes that SDB activation was a strategic step that minimized conflict escalation. The SDB contributed significantly, effectively, and efficiently to the resolution of construction disputes at the Asahan 3 HEPP, aligning with Law Number 30 of 1999 and Law Number 2 of 2017.
Tantangan dalam Perizinan Infrastruktur Ketenagalistrikan: Studi Kasus Pengembangan Gardu Induk di Sumatera Selatan Junaedi, Junaedi; Saputro, Adi; Sami’an, S.
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.393

Abstract

Substation development plays a crucial role in supporting the enhancement of the electricity sector in Indonesia. However, the permitting process for such infrastructure development still faces several challenges. This research aims to analyze the determinant factors causing delays in permitting the Muara Enim 500 kV EHV Substation development in South Sumatra. Employing a juridical-empirical approach and a case study method, this research examines the applicable permitting regulations, namely Law Number 30 of 2009 and its implementing regulations. The results indicate that the permitting delays were caused by weak coordination among involved stakeholders, adjustments to four changes in permitting regulations during the project, and non-regulatory factors such as land acquisition and community engagement. To improve the permitting system, four strategic pillars are recommended: strengthening the regulatory framework through harmonization and simplification, accelerating the digitalization of the permitting process, enhancing human resource capacity, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination complemented by active community engagement. Implementing this comprehensive strategy is expected to expedite substation development to support the sustainable growth and improvement of the electricity sector.
Dinamika Hukum dalam Proses Perizinan Pembangunan Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi di Sumatera Selatan Rahmiko, Eko; Saputro, Adi; Sami’an, S.
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.394

Abstract

In order to meet the ever-increasing electricity demand in Indonesia, the development of EHV Overhead Lines has become crucial. This research examines the legal dynamics in the permitting process for EHV Overhead Line development in South Sumatra, which is identified as a major inhibiting factor for developing this infrastructure. This research uses a juridical-empirical approach with a case study in South Sumatra. Primary data were obtained through interviews with relevant stakeholders, while secondary data were collected by studying documents and regulations related to EHV Overhead Line permitting. The results show that regulatory complexity and community resistance shape the legal dynamics that hinder the permitting process. Regulatory complexity manifests in regulatory disharmony, overlapping authority among agencies, and complicated procedures. Community resistance arises due to land acquisition problems, infrastructure damage, concerns about health impacts, and a lack of transparency. These legal dynamics slow EHV Overhead Line development and hinder the optimization of energy resource potential in South Sumatra. Therefore, regulatory reform and improving permitting governance that focuses on simplification, harmonization, transparency, and public participation are urgently needed to support sustainable power infrastructure development.
Concurrent Delay dan Penyesuaian Harga pada Kontrak Multi-Years: Perspektif Hukum Konstruksi Indonesia Sumantri, Mahfiar Fajar Akbar; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.399

Abstract

This research examines the legal implications of concurrent delay in price adjustments in multi-year contracts within Indonesian construction projects. The absence of specific regulations concerning concurrent delay in Law Number 2 of 2017 and its implementing regulations creates legal uncertainty and has the potential to trigger disputes. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the legal and empirical aspects of concurrent delay and price adjustments. Employing a normative juridical approach and case studies of construction projects experiencing concurrent delay, this research analyzes relevant legislation, contract clauses, and dispute resolution practices. The results show that concurrent delay introduces complexities in allocating responsibility and calculating compensation, especially concerning overhead claims and price adjustments. The case studies reveal that the success of claims is highly dependent on the completeness of documentation and the strength of legal argumentation. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of drafting anticipatory multi-year contracts and implementing effective risk management to mitigate the risks of concurrent delay. This research recommends the development of more comprehensive regulations on concurrent delay and encourages parties to prioritize dispute resolution through negotiation and mediation.
Interpretasi Waktu Pelaksanaan Ketika Terjadi Perubahan Keadaan: Studi Kasus Penyesuaian Harga dalam Kontrak Pembangunan Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi Lampung Wisnuaji, Haryo; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.400

Abstract

This normative legal research analyzes disparities in interpreting work execution timelines in implementing the price adjustment clause in the Lampung EHV Overhead Line Construction Contract, which were complicated by significant changes in circumstances. The change in the transmission line route caused delays, triggering differences in viewpoints between PLN and the contractor regarding the cut-off for price adjustment calculations. The contractor argues for using factual indicators of work completion, referring to the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus. Meanwhile, PLN adheres to indicators related to the initial commitment based on the principles of pacta sunt servanda and nemo auditur. This research uses statute, conceptual, and case approaches to examine the Lampung EHV Overhead Line Construction Contract. The research findings show that neither approach, if applied rigidly, produces a fair cut-off. Therefore, this research formulates normative parameters that link the cut-off to the most relevant indicator, plus an adjusted duration that considers the impact of changes in circumstances and internal contractor factors. These parameters aim to achieve contractual justice, legal certainty, and objective, transparent, and accountable implementation of price adjustment based on the principle of good faith.
Penerapan Asas-Asas Hukum dalam Perjanjian Jasa Konstruksi: Suatu Kajian Normatif Wiraantaka, Jaka Adiprasetya; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.401

Abstract

Construction service contracts, as crucial legal instruments in infrastructure development, require a strong foundation of civil law principles. This research aims to normatively examine the application of civil law principles in construction service contracts, integrating the perspectives of the Civil Code and Law Number 2 of 2017. This normative legal research employs statute, conceptual, and philosophical approaches, as well as teleological and sociological analyses. The research findings indicate that formal principles, such as freedom of contract, consensualism, good faith, privity, and fair competition, form the foundation for the validity of contracts. Meanwhile, substantive principles, such as pacta sunt servanda, reasonableness, custom, balance, equality, partnership, and deliberation to reach a consensus (musyawarah mufakat), determine the substance of a fair and sustainable contract. However, teleological and sociological analyses reveal complex dynamics in their application. Unequal bargaining power, standard clauses, discrimination, and short-term orientations hinder the optimal realization of these principles. Therefore, synergy among stakeholders is needed to increase legal awareness, strengthen regulations, enforce business ethics, and revitalize local wisdom values so that legal objectives can contribute to achieving state goals.
Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Terkait Klausul Keadaan Kahar dalam Kontrak Konstruksi: Studi Kasus Pengadaan Jasa di BUMN Triwijaya, Helmy Yulian; Sami’an, S.; Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono
SIGn Jurnal Hukum Vol 6 No 2: Oktober 2024 - Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37276/sjh.v6i2.402

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in the execution of construction contracts, leading to disputes related to force majeure claims. This article examines the force majeure dispute resolution mechanism in construction contracts at XYZ Ltd, an Indonesian SOE. This research employs normative and empirical legal approaches, with a case study on XYZ Ltd. Primary data were obtained through analysis of construction contract documents, a legal opinion from the State’s Attorney, and other relevant documents. Secondary data includes statutory regulations, court decisions, and related legal literature. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and case analysis techniques. The research findings reveal that XYZ Ltd resolved disputes with service providers through negotiation, taking into account the legal opinion from the State’s Attorney, which recognized the pandemic as force majeure but emphasized the principles of pacta sunt servanda and good faith. The involvement of the BPKP through a claim audit strengthened accountability and good corporate governance. The audit results served as the basis for negotiations to minimize state financial losses. This research highlights the complexity of applying force majeure clauses in construction contracts, the importance of renegotiation, and the crucial role of legal opinions and independent audits in dispute resolution at SOEs.
Co-Authors ADI SAPUTRO Indahwati, Amaliyah Noor Junaedi Junaedi Lessy, Achmad Syabril Qadri Qadri, Qadri Rahmiko, Eko Sarwono Hardjomuljadi Sebastian, Reza Rafly Sumantri, Mahfiar Fajar Akbar Triwijaya, Helmy Yulian Wiraantaka, Jaka Adiprasetya Wisatrioda, Bayu Wisnuaji, Haryo Yanuar, Riko