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Revitalizing the state of primary healthcare towards achieving universal health coverage in conflict affected fragile northeastern Nigeria: Challenges, strategies and way forward Musa, Shuaibu S.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Ogbodum, Molly U.; Haruna, Usman A.; Gololo, Ahmed A.; Abdulkadir, Abdulafeez K.; Ukaegbu, Enyinnaya; Agyapong, Joseph; Shallangwa, Muktar M.; Adamu, Nuruddeen A.; Muhammad, Bello A.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v2i3.178

The Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 defined primary healthcare as a critical way to obtain universal healthcare and 'health for all.' In Nigeria, the National Health Policy (NHP) and the subsequent formation of the Primary Health Care System aim to modernize healthcare delivery, at the grassroots level. In recent decades, however, the status of primary healthcare in Nigeria, particularly in the northeastern region, has significantly deteriorated, further posing significant threats to health equity and universal access to healthcare. Armed conflicts, humanitarian crises, insufficient finance, inadequate infrastructure, and labor shortages have negatively impacted the region's primary healthcare facilities. This article discusses the poor state of primary healthcare in northeastern Nigeria and its implications for achieving universal health coverage in the region. In addition, the article elaborates on the historical context, highlights the difficulties and challenges in the development of primary healthcare, and explores potential solutions to improve the system.

Enhancing primary healthcare delivery in Nigeria through the adoption of advanced technologies Umar, Abbas B.; Sani, Saifuddeen K.; Aliyu, Lukman J.; Hassan, Musa; Imam, Maryam; Haruna, Usman A.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v2i3.180

Enhancing primary healthcare delivery in Nigeria by adopting advanced technologies holds substantial promise for improving healthcare accessibility, quality, and efficiency. Primary healthcare focuses on community-based, essential care that is practical, socially acceptable, and affordable. Despite efforts to improve healthcare delivery, challenges persist, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The aim of this study was to explore the transformative potential of technologies such as telemedicine, electronic health records (EHRs), health information systems (HIS), artificial intelligence (AI), and medical drones in addressing these challenges. Telemedicine facilitates access to healthcare in remote areas by overcoming geographical barriers. EHRs streamline administrative and clinical processes, enhancing patient care and safety. HIS improves data management, patient safety, and provider communication. AI revolutionizes diagnostics, treatment personalization, and operational efficiency. Medical drones offer innovative solutions for delivering medical supplies to remote locations. The paper also addresses the challenges associated with these technologies, including infrastructure limitations, regulatory issues, and data privacy concerns. Recommendations include investing in infrastructure, developing regulatory frameworks, building capacity, fostering public-private partnerships, engaging communities, and implementing robust data security measures. By addressing these recommendations, Nigeria can leverage advanced technologies to enhance healthcare delivery and achieve better health outcomes.

Revitalizing the state of primary healthcare towards achieving universal health coverage in conflict affected fragile northeastern Nigeria: Challenges, strategies and way forward Musa, Shuaibu S.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Ogbodum, Molly U.; Haruna, Usman A.; Gololo, Ahmed A.; Abdulkadir, Abdulafeez K.; Ukaegbu, Enyinnaya; Agyapong, Joseph; Shallangwa, Muktar M.; Adamu, Nuruddeen A.; Muhammad, Bello A.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v2i3.178

The Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 defined primary healthcare as a critical way to obtain universal healthcare and 'health for all.' In Nigeria, the National Health Policy (NHP) and the subsequent formation of the Primary Health Care System aim to modernize healthcare delivery, at the grassroots level. In recent decades, however, the status of primary healthcare in Nigeria, particularly in the northeastern region, has significantly deteriorated, further posing significant threats to health equity and universal access to healthcare. Armed conflicts, humanitarian crises, insufficient finance, inadequate infrastructure, and labor shortages have negatively impacted the region's primary healthcare facilities. This article discusses the poor state of primary healthcare in northeastern Nigeria and its implications for achieving universal health coverage in the region. In addition, the article elaborates on the historical context, highlights the difficulties and challenges in the development of primary healthcare, and explores potential solutions to improve the system.

Enhancing primary healthcare delivery in Nigeria through the adoption of advanced technologies Umar, Abbas B.; Sani, Saifuddeen K.; Aliyu, Lukman J.; Hassan, Musa; Imam, Maryam; Haruna, Usman A.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v2i3.180

Enhancing primary healthcare delivery in Nigeria by adopting advanced technologies holds substantial promise for improving healthcare accessibility, quality, and efficiency. Primary healthcare focuses on community-based, essential care that is practical, socially acceptable, and affordable. Despite efforts to improve healthcare delivery, challenges persist, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The aim of this study was to explore the transformative potential of technologies such as telemedicine, electronic health records (EHRs), health information systems (HIS), artificial intelligence (AI), and medical drones in addressing these challenges. Telemedicine facilitates access to healthcare in remote areas by overcoming geographical barriers. EHRs streamline administrative and clinical processes, enhancing patient care and safety. HIS improves data management, patient safety, and provider communication. AI revolutionizes diagnostics, treatment personalization, and operational efficiency. Medical drones offer innovative solutions for delivering medical supplies to remote locations. The paper also addresses the challenges associated with these technologies, including infrastructure limitations, regulatory issues, and data privacy concerns. Recommendations include investing in infrastructure, developing regulatory frameworks, building capacity, fostering public-private partnerships, engaging communities, and implementing robust data security measures. By addressing these recommendations, Nigeria can leverage advanced technologies to enhance healthcare delivery and achieve better health outcomes.

Gender disparities in HIV infections: A narrative review of the persistent vulnerability of adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa Musa, Shuaibu S.; Othman, Zhinya K.; Fadele, Kehinde P.; Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Okesanya, Olalekan J.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Ishak, Abubakar S.; Alhassan, Muhammad Y.; Oyinloye, Emmanuel A.; Ogunleke, Praise O.; Alaka, Hassan O.; Jibo, Abdulrahman G.; Paz, Pearl IVD.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i2.211

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) disproportionately affects adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), who face a risk of infection up to three times higher than their male peers. SSA accounts for 65% of the global HIV burden, with Eastern and Southern Africa showing particularly high rates. The aim of this study was to examine the persistent gender disparities in HIV infections, focusing on the biological, social, and structural drivers of AGYW’s heightened vulnerability. Biological factors such as immature cervical development and hormonal influences intersect with social determinants, including gender inequality, cultural norms, and economic pressures. These factors reduce young women’s ability to negotiate safer sexual practices and increase reliance on transactional relationships with older partners. Despite initiatives such as determined, resilient, empowered, AIDS-free, mentored, and safe (DREAMS) and Education Plus, barriers such as stigma, gender-based violence, and limited access to youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services persist. Addressing these disparities requires multi-level, gender-responsive interventions that strengthen healthcare access, expand female-controlled prevention options, and promote education and economic empowerment. Closing the gender gap in HIV outcomes will demand sustained policy commitment and community engagement tailored to the needs of adolescent girls in SSA.

Role of nanotechnology in climate change mitigation: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions Musa , Abubakar H.; Musa, Shuaibu S.; Alhassan, Muhammad Y.; Okesanya, Olalekan J.; Ishak, Abubakar S.; Auwal, Auwal R.; Alaka, Hassan O.; Othman, Zhinya K.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Sy, Francis AR.; Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Kouwenhoven, MBN.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.212

Climate change, recognized as one of the most critical global public health emergencies, has led to extreme weather events and caused thousands of deaths annually, particularly in underserved areas due to limited financial resources. Nanotechnology, with its unique quantum properties, enhanced surface area, and heightened reactivity, has emerged as a promising tool for climate crisis management. The aim of this study was to explore the role of nanotechnology in mitigating climate change, offering insights into the opportunities and challenges associated with its deployment. Nanotechnology has transformed the renewable energy field by advancing sustainability, improving efficiency, and reducing costs. Nanomaterial also enhances the effectiveness of carbon capture and conversion processes, providing a viable path in the fight against climate change. Additional opportunities include lowering greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy conservation, and enabling cleaner technologies. Furthermore, nanotechnology holds the potential to revolutionize the mitigation of air, water, and land pollution, contributing to a more climate-resilient environment and supporting global climate goals. Despite these opportunities, its integration into climate change mitigation poses significant obstacles. Concerns include the generation of reactive oxygen species that may induce cellular dysfunction and carcinogenesis, as well as challenges related to sophisticated manufacturing processes, high material costs, and inadequate policy frameworks. While nanotechnology demonstrates significant potential in mitigating the effects of climate change, future studies should focus on comprehensive safety evaluations, cost-effective production methods, and strategies to minimize long-term environmental and health effects to ensure its sustainable and responsible application.

Strengthening pharmacovigilance systems through post-vaccination surveillance in Nigeria: A narrative review Umar, Abbas B.; Ibrahim, Adamu M.; Yusuf, Abduljalal N.; Zubairu, Mubarak; Ahmed, Mohamed M.; Lucero-Prisno III, Don E.
Narra X Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narrax.v3i3.230

Immunization remains a vital pillar of Nigeria’s public health agenda, significantly reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, the success of immunization programs hinges not only on vaccine access and delivery but also on robust post-vaccination surveillance systems that ensure vaccine safety and foster public confidence. In Nigeria, post-vaccination pharmacovigilance, led by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), faces critical challenges, including underreporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs), inadequate healthcare worker training, infrastructural limitations, and the widespread influence of misinformation. These systemic weaknesses threaten to undermine vaccine confidence, particularly in underserved and rural areas. The aim of this study was to examine the current state of Nigeria’s post-vaccination surveillance infrastructure, highlighting gaps in AEFI reporting and data management. Drawing on global best practices and successful models from other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this study proposes a set of strategic interventions to strengthen pharmacovigilance. These include the adoption of digital and mobile health technologies, capacity building for healthcare providers, community engagement, and integration of artificial intelligence in safety signal detection. This study underscores the urgency of regulatory reform and private sector inclusion, advocating a holistic and sustainable approach to vaccine safety monitoring. By reinforcing pharmacovigilance systems, Nigeria can build public confidence, improve vaccine uptake, and enhance the overall effectiveness of its national immunization program.

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