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All Journal Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles
Andri Hardiansyah
National Research and Innovation Agency
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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The Calcination Temperature Effect on Crystal Structure of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Sri Rahayu; Aghni Ulma Saudi; Riesma Tasomara; Muhammad Dikdik Gumelar; Wahyu Tri Utami; Ade Utami Hapsari; Jarot Raharjo; Abdulloh Rifai; Deni Shidqi Khaerudini; Saddam Husin; Dita Adi Saputra; Hanif Yuliani; Yurian Ariandi Andrameda; Galih Taqwatomo; Oka Pradipta Arjasa; Damisih Damisih; Andri Hardiansyah; Retna Deca Pravitasari; Agustanhakri Agustanhakri; Abdul Hamid Budiman
Journal of Batteries for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles Vol. 1 No. 02 (2023): NOVEMBER 2023
Publisher : NBRI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59046/jbrev.v1i02.22

Abstract

The lithium-ion battery has gained popularity among other secondary batteries for portable electronic devices and electric vehicle applications, especially the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 or NMC111, considering its well-balanced configuration resulting in stable and safe electrochemical performance. NMC111 has been successfully prepared using a coprecipitation process at calcination temperatures from 800 to 950°C. The physical characteristics were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Particle Size Analysis (PSA). The XRD patterns showed the rhombohedral single phase for all calcination temperatures. Meanwhile, higher calcination temperatures offer higher degree of crystallinity, lower intensity ratio and more undesirable cation mixing. The particles with a uniform rectangle or pyramid shape are observed at the calcination temperature range from 800 to 900°C. However, bigger submicron particles with a rectangle or pyramid shape are detected at a higher temperature (950°C). The SEM-EDS mapping shows the homogeneity composition for all variation calcination temperatures. PSA analysis showed that calcination temperature at 800 and 850°C gives the particle less than 400 nm suggesting a potential material for a cathode of lithium-ion batteries.
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid Budiman Abdulloh Rifai Ade Utami Hapsari Aghni Ulma Saudi Agustanhakri Agustanhakri Damisih Damisih Deni Shidqi Khaerudini Dita Adi Saputra Galih Taqwatomo Hanif Yuliani Jarot Raharjo Muhammad Dikdik Gumelar Oka Pradipta Arjasa Retna Deca Pravitasari Riesma Tasomara Saddam Husin Sri Rahayu Wahyu Tri Utami Yurian Ariandi Andrameda