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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis Lombok Medical Journal
Herpan Syafii Harahap
Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Mechanical Engineering Public Health

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Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Guillain Barré Syndrome Grandis Cristagalli; Herpan Syafii Harahap; Safat Wahyudi; Aulia Dwi Hendriani; Izza Mufida; Muhammad Sutan Maulana; Rike Delya Rizqina
Lombok Medical Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Lombok Medical Journal Volume 3 Nomor 1
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/lmj.v3i1.2886

Abstract

Guillain-Barré Syndrome or GBS is one of the emergency conditions of neurology. Currently, its incidence is relatively low and rare, with a rate of 0.81 to 1.89 of 100,000 people in a year. Guillain-Barré Syndrome or GBS, also known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, is a collection of clinical symptoms caused by an acute inflammatory process that attacks the nervous system. The dominant pathogen that causes Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Infection with the pathogen Campylobacter jejuni can trigger an immune and humoral autoimmune response that results in nerve dysfunction and the emergence of GBS symptoms. The clinical course of GBS can be divided into several phases, including the progressive phase, plateau phase, and recovery phase. In cases of GBS, it is possible that these factors are involved in the onset of the disease. Some risk factors associated with GBS include viral infections such as Zika virus, influenza virus, and measles-rubella virus. The diagnosis of GBS includes the main symptoms, additional symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid examination, electrophysiological tests, and the exclusion of other diagnoses. The main symptoms include progressive weakness in the extremities accompanied by or without ataxia and areflexia or hyporeflexia in the tendons. The management that can be done includes supportive therapy through the respiratory system. Another treatment option is immunotherapy, with the goal of accelerating disease recovery and reducing the severity of GBS through the immune system.
Problem Profile of Drugs (DRPs) in Antidiabetic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in The Inpatient Ward Luluk Alfhina; Herpan Syafii Harahap; Raisya Hasina Alaydrus
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11571

Abstract

The occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus keeps rising worldwide each year, and this includes Indonesia. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently encounter Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) due to multiple medications resulting from related health issues. Thus, recognizing DRPs is essential to enhance treatment success. The Mataram City Regional General Hospital stands out as one of the hospitals with the most significant number of type 2 diabetes mellitus cases each year from 2021 to 2023, showing an increase of 18.81%. The objective of this study was to analyze the profile of DRPs (Drug-Related Problems) in antidiabetic therapy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the inpatient ward of Mataram City General Hospital during the period of April 2025. Data gathering was performed retrospectively by reviewing medical documents and conducting patient interviews. The medical documents were examined using the Cipolle classification, and the findings were illustrated in a diagram format with Microsoft Excel. The findings indicated that drug-related issues (DRPs) were present in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Mataram City Regional General Hospital in April 2025. Among the 55 diabetes patients, 7 were found to have DRPs (12.72%), with DRPs manifesting as indications lacking medication (9.09%) and medications prescribed without indications (3.64%).
Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Dementia: A Literature Review Azka Fadila Latifa; Annisa Fitria Zahra AS; Muhammad Fatih Ma'ruf; Novad Sawelly; Dini Suryani; Herpan Syafii Harahap
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12784

Abstract

Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID) is a spectrum of cognitive disorders associated with cerebrovascular disease and is a major cause of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. This study aimed to review the etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management of VCID to support early detection and appropriate intervention. A literature review was conducted using relevant scientific publications and clinical guidelines addressing VCID. The findings indicate that VCID develops through complex mechanisms involving chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, vascular inflammation, impaired brain fluid drainage, and neuronal injury. Major risk factors include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and cardiovascular disease, which contribute to cerebrovascular damage and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis requires comprehensive cognitive assessment, particularly the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), supported by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify vascular lesions and exclude other causes of cognitive decline. Management requires an integrated, multimodal approach involving vascular risk-factor control, appropriate pharmacological therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, physical activity, and family and caregiver support. In conclusion, VCID is a multifactorial disorder with substantial clinical and socioeconomic consequences. Early cognitive screening, optimal management of vascular risk factors, rehabilitation, and increased public awareness are essential to facilitate prevention, early diagnosis, and long-term care while slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.
Co-Authors Annisa Fitria Zahra AS Aulia Dwi Hendriani Azka Fadila Latifa Dini Suryani Grandis Cristagalli Izza Mufida Luluk Alfhina Muhammad Fatih Ma'ruf Muhammad Sutan Maulana Novad Sawelly Raisya Hasina Alaydrus Rike Delya Rizqina Safat Wahyudi