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Rafita Yuniarti
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Formulasi, Evaluasi Dan Penentuan Nilai SPF Sediaan Body Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Kopi Arabika Jenis Longberry Fanny Anggreany Santosa; Rafita Yuniarti; Minda Sari Lubis; Zulmai Rani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1503

Abstract

Background: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin damage such as erythema, premature aging, and skin cancer. Although sunscreens are widely used, synthetic UV filters may cause side effects. Therefore, alternative natural ingredients with antioxidant activity are needed, such as Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica), which are rich in polyphenols, particularly chlorogenic acid, as potential sunscreen agents. Objective: This study aims to formulate a body lotion containing ethanol extract of longberry-type Arabica coffee beans, evaluate its physical properties, and determine its Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value in vitro. Methods: This experimental study included phytochemical screening, extraction using 96% ethanol, and SPF determination using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the Mansur method. The body lotion was formulated with varying extract concentrations of 0–3% and evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, emulsion type, stability, and irritation test. Results: The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and glycosides. The highest SPF value of the extract was 36.727 at a concentration of 1000 ppm (ultra protection category). The best formulation was found at a 3% concentration with an SPF value of 10.554 (maximum protection category). All formulations met physical quality requirements and showed no irritation. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of longberry-type Arabica coffee beans has potential as a natural sunscreen active ingredient. Increasing the extract concentration is directly proportional to the increase in SPF value, with the 3% formulation showing the best performance.
Karakteristik dan pelepasan asam salisilat dari sediaan nanogel secara in vitro Nurul Arafah; Minda Sari Lubis; Rafita Yuniarti; Zulmai Rani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1598

Abstract

Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) widely used in dermatology due to its keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: This study aims to determine the amount of salicylic acid active ingredient incorporated into the nanogel formulation and to assess whether the salicylic acid active ingredient in the nanogel formulation can enhance the rate of release through the skin barrier. Methods: formulation of a nanogel preparation containing 1% salicylic acid. Subsequently, particle size measurements, determination of salicylic acid concentration, absorption efficiency testing, and release testing were conducted in vitro using a Franz diffusion cell, thereby allowing the determination of the cumulative amount of salicylic acid released and its flux. Results: The salicylic acid nanogel formulation has a particle size of 46.8 nm, indicating successful nanogel formation. The average adsorption efficiency value from six replicates was 92.8%, indicating that most of the salicylic acid was successfully adsorbed into the nanogel system. In vitro release tests showed an increase in cumulative release as samples were taken from minute 15 to minute 480, yielding an average Q value of 17.9 ± 0.08 µg/cm² and continuing to rise to 86.4 ± 0.08 µg/cm². Conclusion: A salicylic acid nanogel formulation has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of topical salicylic acid delivery.
Konsentrasi Inhibitori Minimum dan Konsentrasi Fungisidal Minimum Ekstrak dan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terompet Emas (Allamanda cathartica L.) terhadap Malassezia furfur Anisa Sabila; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Haris Munandar Nasution; Rafita Yuniarti
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1036

Abstract

Background: Fungal skin infections such as pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur remain a common health problem in tropical regions. Limitations of conventional antifungal therapy have encouraged the development of alternative agents derived from natural products. Golden trumpet leaves (Allamanda cathartica L.) contain flavonoids and iridoids with potential antifungal activity, and nanoparticle formulations are being developed to enhance the extracts’ effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the improvement of antifungal efficacy of the nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves against Malassezia furfur by comparing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), and inhibition zone diameter with the conventional extract. Methods: This experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design. Treatment groups included ethanolic extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%) and nanoparticle extract (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%). Nanoparticles were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer and characterized with a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). MIC and MFC were determined using the broth dilution method, while antifungal activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. Results: Nanoparticle characterization revealed a particle size of 367.51 nm. The MIC values for the extract and nanoparticles were 12.5% and 1.25%, respectively, while the MFC values were 50% and 5%, respectively. The highest inhibition zones for the extract and nanoparticles were 21.1 mm (50%) and 20.3 mm (5%), respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in inhibition zone diameters across concentrations for both extract forms. Conclusion: The nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves significantly enhances antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur, demonstrating equivalent inhibitory effects at concentrations ten times lower than the conventional extract. These findings indicate the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations as promising antifungal candidates.
Evaluasi Mutu Fisik, Uji Kelembapan dan Potensi Aktivitas Tabir Surya Pelembab Bibir Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pucuk Merah (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) Nurhaliza Safitri; Rafita Yuniarti; Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe; Minda Sari Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1052

Abstract

Background: Lip balm is a cosmetic preparation containing key components such as waxes, fats, and oils—derived from either natural or synthetic extracts—to prevent lip dryness by enhancing moisture and protecting against harmful environmental factors. The red shoot plant (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) is commonly known as an ornamental plant but also contains beneficial chemical compounds. Objective: This study aims to formulate red shoot leaf ethanol extract into a lip balm with good physical quality, sun protection capability, and moisturizing effects. Methods: This research uses an experimental method with quantitative and qualitative data collection. The stages include simplicia characterization, secondary metabolite identification, extract preparation through maceration, lip balm formulation, and evaluation of physical quality (organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, stability, irritation, melting point, and hedonic test), moisture test, and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value determination. Results: The red shoot leaf extract was successfully formulated into a stick lip balm at concentrations of 5%, 7%, and 10%. The formulas demonstrated good physical quality in all tests, increased lip moisture and oil content (especially at 10% concentration), and high SPF values with ultra protection at the 10% concentration. Conclusion: Red shoot leaf extract (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) can be used as an active ingredient in lip balm, providing optimal physical quality, moisturizing effects, and UV radiation protection.
Formulasi, Evaluasi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Sabun Padat Serbuk Nano Teh Celup Bekas Misbah Siregar; Minda Sari Lubis; Rafita Yuniarti; Zulmai Rani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1055

Abstract

Background: Ideal soap should not only cleanse the skin but also contain substances that protect it from adverse effects, including those of free radicals, which can accelerate aging and cause other skin problems. Antioxidant compounds are needed to counteract free radicals. Used tea bags are a waste product that still contains antioxidant compounds. The use of nanotechnology is expected to enhance the stability and long-term effectiveness of cosmetic formulations, including soap. Objective: This study aimed to formulate a solid soap containing used nano tea bag powder, evaluate the physical characteristics of the soap, and test its antioxidant activity. Method: This research used a True Experimental method with a Post Test Only Control Group Design. The used tea bag powder sample was processed into nano powder using a Ball Mill. Solid soap was formulated in three variations: F0 (control without powder), F1 (containing 1.4% used tea bag powder), and F2 (containing 1.4% used nano tea bag powder). The soap preparations were then evaluated for their physical characteristics (organoleptic, pH, foam stability, hardness, cleaning power) and tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Results: The used tea bag powder was successfully converted into nano powder with an average particle size of 684.35 nm. Phytochemical screening results showed that both the powder and nano powder contained alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Evaluation of the solid soap showed that all formulas (F0, F1, F2) met the physical quality requirements. The antioxidant activity test yielded IC50 values for F0, F1, and F2 of 975.2861 µg/ml (very weak), 211.3533 µg/ml (very weak), and 168.3053 µg/ml (weak), respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the used tea bag powder meets the characteristics of nano powder. The solid soap formulation containing used nano tea bag powder meets physical quality requirements and demonstrates antioxidant activity, albeit in the weak category. The F2 formula (nano powder) showed better antioxidant activity than F1 (coarse powder) and F0 (control).
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak dan Fraksinasi Daun Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob) Serta Uji Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Anjarlit Romiyuliana Br Parapat; Ridwanto Ridwanto; Rafita Yuniarti; Zulmai Rani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1059

Abstract

Background: Tekelan leaf (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob) is one of Indonesia's natural resources rich in bioactive compounds. Its traditional use for treating wounds, sore throats, diarrhea, and various other ailments is suspected to be linked to its antioxidant and antibacterial content. Objective: This research aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of tekelan leaves, and to test their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Method: The study used an experimental method. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and the results were expressed as IC₅₀ values. The antibacterial test against S. aureus and E. coli was conducted using the disc diffusion method, and the inhibitory power was measured based on the inhibition zone diameter (mm). Results: The antioxidant test results showed that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction had strong activity with IC₅₀ values of 98.26 ppm and 75.43 ppm, respectively, while the n-hexane fraction showed weak activity (IC₅₀ 110.54 ppm). In the antibacterial test at a 40% concentration, the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction inhibited the growth of both bacteria with strong to very strong categories. The highest average inhibition zones against E. coli and S. aureus were 19.03 mm and 21.36 mm (ethanol extract), 10.56 mm and 12.13 mm (n-hexane fraction), and 13.60 mm and 15.40 mm (ethyl acetate fraction), respectively. This activity was still lower than the positive control chloramphenicol, which produced inhibition zones of 28.23 mm (E. coli) and 27.43 mm (S. aureus). Conclusion: It was concluded that the extract and ethyl acetate fraction of tekelan leaves have strong antioxidant activity, while the n-hexane fraction is classified as weak. All samples (extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction) showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, although they have not matched the effectiveness of chloramphenicol.
Co-Authors Anisa Sabila Anjarlit Romiyuliana Br Parapat Fanny Anggreany Santosa Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe Haris Munandar Nasution Lubis, Minda Sari Misbah Siregar Nurhaliza Safitri Nurul Arafah Ridwanto Ridwanto Yayuk Putri Rahayu Zulmai Rani