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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Tatah, Silas Verwiyeh
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Engineering Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS

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Recent Advances in Lipid Metabolism and Regulations: A Review Titus, Stephen Dio; Emmanuel, Allahnanan; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Tatah, Silas Verwiyeh; Arowora, Kayode Adebisi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v3i1.5044

Abstract

Lipid metabolism is a highly intricate and tightly regulated process essential for cellular function, energy homeostasis, and metabolic balance. It encompasses lipid synthesis (lipogenesis), storage, breakdown (lipolysis and β-oxidation), and transport, all of which are orchestrated by complex regulatory networks involving enzymes, transcription factors, hormones, and environmental influences. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lipidomics, molecular biology, and metabolic engineering have significantly expanded our understanding of lipid metabolism, revealing novel regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) as modulators of lipid homeostasis has provided new insights into gene regulation, while research on gut microbiome interactions has highlighted the role of microbial metabolites in lipid metabolism. Key metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, and ketogenesis, are controlled by pivotal regulatory elements, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Additionally, cholesterol biosynthesis, transport, and excretion are modulated through intricate feedback mechanisms involving the liver, lipoproteins, and sterol regulatory networks. This review explores the latest advancements in lipid metabolism, including lipidomics applications, regulatory mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders. A deeper understanding of lipid metabolic pathways and their regulation will pave the way for novel precision medicine approaches in managing lipid-related diseases and optimizing metabolic health.
Enzymatic Bioremediation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Contaminated Environment Odoma, Omachonu Alkali; Titus, Stephen Dio; Tatah, Silas Verwiyeh; Ezeonu, Chukwuma Stephen
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v3i2.5612

Abstract

Enzyme-based bioremediation has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to mitigating environmental pollution caused by plastic wastes, pesticides, heavy metals, and industrial effluents. This article explores recent advancements in enzymatic degradation, using polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETases) and mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate hydrolase (MHETases) for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) breakdown, enzymatic mechanisms for bioleaching. PET is one of the most widely used synthetic plastics, contributing significantly to global plastic pollution due to its persistence in the environment. Conventional methods of PET disposal, such as incineration and landfilling, have proven to be inefficient and hazardous to the environment. In contrast, enzymatic biodegradation offers a promising eco-friendly solution to tackle PET biodegradation through the use of specialized enzymes like PETase and MHETase. We explore the mechanisms of PET biodegradation with focus on key enzymes and their catalytic pathways. Furthermore, the discovery, structure, and activity of PETase, the role of MHETase in processing degradation intermediates, and the contributions of corroborating enzymes such as cutinases, lipases, and esterases were also examined. Despite the promising potential of enzymatic PET degradation, several challenges remain, including enzyme, inefficiency in product recovery, and biosafety concerns associated with genetically modified organisms. In the same vein, regulatory hurdles and the need for standardization in bioremediation practices are discussed. Future research should focus on; the integration of enzymatic biodegradation into the circular bioeconomy, the use of artificial intelligence in enzyme design and the importance of global collaborations in advancing bioremediation strategies.
Co-Authors Abah, Moses Adondua Arowora, Kayode Adebisi Emmanuel, Allahnanan Ezeonu, Chukwuma Stephen Odoma, Omachonu Alkali Shadrach, Philip Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma Titus, Stephen Dio