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Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Chlorogonium sp. from Industrial Wastewater Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Ikwebe, Joseph; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Mafe, Alice Njolke; Abah, Moses Adondua
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.3851

Microalgae are photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms also known as phytoplankton. They are small plant-like entities. In this research, the sample were collected from cement factory in a sterilised 20L container wrapped with foil paper and were transported down to Federal University, Wukari where it was kept in refrigerator at biochemistry laboratory. Blue-Green media (BG-11) was prepared. Wastewater containing Microalgae obtained from cement wastewater pond were cultivated in BG-11 medium to determine the growth of the organism. BG-11 medium contained macronutrients, trace metals and some vitamins which aid the growth of the organism. The wastewater sample containing with suspected microalgae was inoculated (inoculum ratio = 25%) and incubated under atmospheric CO2 at room temperature (30±2°C) in our laboratory for two to three weeks during the incubation period. In order to purify the isolates, the upper growth layer was first decanted into a freshly produced medium and then plated on BG-11 media that had been solidified with 1% agar-agar. For several of the cultures, growth on the agar plates continued for around three weeks. Following repeated sub-culturing, the emerging greenish colonies were re-emerged into a sterile BG-11 agar medium. In isolation of organism from the industrial cement waste water, the isolate was identified by morphological and molecular identification by extracting the DNA, run the electrophoretic analysis and PCR using primers for 18S rRNA eukaryotic microalgal and then run the sequence analysis. The results of this study obtained, indicated that, the electrophoretic result show the band has 1800-2000base pair and the organism isolated from the industrial cement waste water were chlorogonium sp. with a percent similarity of 78.65% and accession number of OR886595 based on data Gene Bank blast results.

Comparative Study on the Proximate Composition and Amino Acid Levels in Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) and Wood Ear (Auricularia auricula) Mushroom Samples Adebisi, Arowora Kayode; Abah, Moses Adondua; Ugwuoke, Kenneth Chinekwu; Dooshima, Arowora Mercy; Ndoma, Odi Raphael; Okani, Precious Chizaram; Ominisan, Kimi Smith; Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses; Olamilekan, Aliyu Najeeb; Kwame, Asare Bernard
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.4052

Mushrooms have been consumed by mankind for millennia. They are macrofungi with a distinctive fruiting body which can be hypogeous or epigeous, large enough to be seen with unaided eyes. They are not widely consumed due to lack of information on its nutritive value. Therefore, this research was carried out to compare the proximate gross energy composition as well as amino acids levels in two selected edible mushrooms (Cantharellus cibarius and Auricularia auricula). Fully matured species of Chanterelle mushroom (Cantherellus cibarius) and Wood ear mushroom (Auricularia auricula) were collected from different parts of Southern and Northern Cross River; Ikom and Bekwara precisely. The collected samples were air dried for 5 days and then stored in transparent polythene bag for analysis. The dried and stored mushroom were pounded to powdered form and then subjected to amino acid analysis using isocratic HPLC and proximate analysis for proximate composition using the standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). The results of this research showed that chanterelle mushroom has high concentration of amino acids compared to Wood ear mushroom. However, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the levels of isoleucine in both mushrooms. There were no significant differences in the proximate composition and gross energy levels of both mushroom species. Some of the amino acids detected in both mushrooms were: methionine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid. Based on the findings of this study, the two edible mushrooms were observed to have appreciable levels of gross energy and amino acids. However, Chanterelle mushroom had higher protein composition than wood ear. Hence, it can be concluded that Chanterelle mushroom has greater nutritive value and more suitable for consumption.

Nutritional and Biochemical Analysis of Locally Produced Wine from a Blend of Banana (Musa sapientum) and Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Tatah, Silas Verwiyeh; Shadrach, Philip; Abah, Moses Adondua
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3210

Background: Wine is a low-alcohol beverage made from fresh grapes or grape juice through partial or complete fermentation. Wine contains many nutrients necessary for the human body, such as sugar, vitamins, amino acids, mineral elements, polyphenols etc. Objective: This project aimed at analysing the nutritional and biochemical composition of locally produced wine from a blend of banana and dates palm fruit. The study includes determining the proximate, phytochemical, mineral, physicochemical, and amino acid profiles. Methods: The method involves heating a crucible dish to eliminate moisture, determining fat content, defatting the sample, determining ash, and determining crude protein. The phytochemical analysis includes tests for saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin. Mineral analysis was carried using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while physicochemical analysis includes alcohol, pH, and temperature measurements as well as determination of amino acid profile analysis of banana-date palm wine. Results: The proximate analysis revealed high moisture content (97.87%), suggesting a good source of fruit wine production. The wine contains low crude fibre (1.01%), low crude protein (0.14%), Ash content (0.49%) and low crude lipid (0.58%). The wine also contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Physicochemical analysis revealed an average pH of 4.62 to 4.71, with sugar concentration decreasing daily over four days and two mineral elements were reveal which are potassium and phosphorus. The amino acid profile analysis of banana-date palm wine reveals that it contains both essential and non-essential amino acids. The essential amino acids include isoleucine, methionine, histidine, and phenylalanine, non-essential amino acids include glutamic acid, asparagine, proline, and cysteine. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a blend of Banana (musa sapientum) and date palm fruit (Phoenix dactyliferal) wine has a unique pleasant aroma, and may have the potential to provide both essential and non-essential amino acids, provide other nutrients that are important for normal physiological function of the body.

Evaluation of Serum Biochemical Parameters in Male Wistar Rats Administered with Azadirachta Indica Silver Nanoparticles Arowora, Kayode Adebisi; Ugwuoke, Kenneth Chinekwu; Abah, Moses Adondua; Dauda, Abdulrashid; Ruyati, Samuel Sunny
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3211

The excessive exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has raised concerns about their possible risks to the human health. This study investigated the effects of administering silver nanoparticles on serum biochemical parameters in male wistar rats. Synthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 and plant extract was achieved using standard methods. At the same time, the characteristic peak of the synthesized AgNPs was determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a resolution of 1 nM. The crystal structure of AgNPs was determined using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while kidney and liver function parameters were carried out using serum with the aid of biochemical kits. A total of sixteen male wistar rats were randomly allotted into four experimental groups of four rats per group. Group 1 served as the control and received potable water. Groups two, three and four were orally administered with varying concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg daily for two weeks respectively. Following cessation of treatments, rats were sacrificed under anaesthetization, and serum samples were collected for analysis. The result revealed that the absorption characteristic peak of the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of the silver nanoparticles synthesized was 450 nM. It was also observed that the urea, creatinine, and potassium ion (K+) had no significant difference (P>0.05). However, the values of total bilirubin (11.00±3.68 mg/dl) and Sodium ion (140.00±3.54) in group 4 decreased significantly (P<0.05) when compared to group 2, 3 and the control group. Also, it was observed that there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in the value of Chloride ion in all the administered group when compared to the control. Synthesized silver nanoparticles from A. indica also affected the level of liver parameters such as ALT, ALP, TP AST, and Albumin in a non-significant way. This study found no evidence of hazardous effects from silver nanoparticles, which could be attributed to the minimal dosage of AgNPs or the nanoparticles' source.

Physicochemical and Fungal Analysis of a Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil at Amadi-Ama Creek of Bonny River Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian; Nkwocha, Ikenna Light; Mgbede, Timothy; Abah, Moses Adondua; Osagie, Asuelimen Steve; Nonye, Eze Constance; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Samuel, Woyengibarakemi Ann; Akpan, Rose Aniekan; Umezurike, Kingsley Chimuanya; Marvis, Alajemba Chinonso; Idris, Nancy
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 5 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i5.3775

Numerous hydrocarbon-utilizing fungal species have been implicated with the ability to utilize/degrade hydrocarbon as carbon source, which indicate their potential for environmental cleanup in hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. In this study, five (5) indigenous fungal species were isolated from a petroleum-hydrocarbon polluted soil at Amadi-ama Creek, Bonny river shoreline, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. These fungal species may have high potential to biodegrade petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. Samples were collected randomly from the hydrocarbon impacted soil at Amadi-ama Creek, Bonny river shoreline. Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Czapek Agar were used as growth media. Samples were examined to assess the physical and chemical characteristics such as conductivity, pH, temperature, nitrate, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, phosphate, sulphate, total hydrocarbon content, total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. These parameters are known to influence the occurrence, diversity and distribution of microorganisms in an ecological niche. Soil pH showed to be acidic (6.21), result also showed that Total hydrocarbon content, Total petroleum hydrocarbon and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon values were at 306.55mg/kg, 112.134mg/kg, 44.227mg/kg respectively establishing the incidence of hydrocarbon pollution. Electrical conductivity and Temperature were at 1250 Us/cm, and 29.580C respectively while Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate, Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Chromium values were at 1.228mg/kg, 0.751mg/kg, 20.214mg/kg, 18.431mg/kg, 0.113mg/kg, 0.121mg/kg, and 0.042mg/kg respectively. Monitoring of the soil quality established the incidence of hydrocarbon pollution as well the incidence of anthropogenic influence on the soil putting into cognizance human activities at the shoreline. Morphological identification of obtained fungal species led to their assignment into four (4) genera and five (5) species; Aspergillus niger (28%), Aspergillus flavus (22%), Cladosporium herbarum (20%), Penicillium notatum (17%), Fusarium spp (11%). The predominance of Aspergillus isolates (28% and 22%) in this study could be a pointer to their potential to utilize hydrocarbon as their sole source of nutrient. The isolation of these indigenous fungal species could serve as a baseline study on which further analysis such as hydrocarbon degradation screening test could determine their individual hydrocarbon degradation potentials and subsequent consideration as hydrocarbon degrading microbes in subsequent bioremediation study.

Effect of Temperature on Microplastic Degradation in Soil Environment Abah, Moses Adondua; Olawale, Otitoju; Timothy, Mgbede; Timothy, Nwali Chukwuebuka; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Okpanachi, Victor; Yola, Anna; Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel; Ifeanyi, Onyedinma Emmanuel; Owei, Joy Ebimoboere; Abimbola, Adeyemi Bashirat; Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan; Chinenye, Chinweuba Rachael; Egwolo, Fueta Loveth; Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian; Edoka, Oduh Solomon
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 5 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i5.3797

The contamination of soil caused by the degradation of plastics introduced through disposal has been increasing globally. Researchers have reported that exposure to microplastics, the degradative product of plastic materials triggers a “wide variety of toxic insults”. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on microplastic degradation in soil environment. Soil samples were collected from Federal University Wukari farm, air-dried and sieved to obtain fine particles. They were arranged in three groups; one served as the control (Group 1), containing no shredded microplastics, whereas microplastics were shredded in Group 2 and Group 3 soil samples. They were all arranged in triplicates. The control group was kept at room temperature for 14 days whereas Group 2 was exposed to sunlight for 14 days. Group 3 was exposed to sunlight for 7 days. The results obtained from this study revealed the presence of the following microplastic types in Group 2 and 3 soil samples: polyamide, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene glycol, terephthatic acid, acrylic acid and polyester. The highest level of total detectable microplastics were associated with Group 3 soil samples (59314.95±808.35), followed by Group 2 soil samples (56022±1352.14) and lastly Group 1 (control) soil samples (32703.51±649.99) respectively. The result also revealed polyamide to be the most abundant microplastic present in all the assayed soil samples: Group 3 (48977.99±1071.61), Group 2 (52204.46±582.03) and Group 1 (28022.08±425.28) whereas the least microplastic present in all assayed soil samples was Terephthatic acid shown as thus: Group 3 (393.69±17.44) > Group 2 (369.36±28.11) > Group 3 (211.32±14.77) respectively. Overall, the result revealed that soil samples exposed to sunlight for a period of 7 days (Group 3) had the highest level of individually detected microplastics followed by soil samples exposed to sunlight for 14 days (Group 2). The control group clearly showed the least levels of individually detected microplastics. The study revealed that microplastics upon exposure to UV rays from sun light could undergo degradation yielding several intermediates which may be either more or less harmful. The study also revealed that the longer the exposure of a microplastic material to UV rays, the higher the degradation rate and the more intermediates associated with the microplastic material will be yielded. On the other hand, the shorter the exposure time of a microplastic material to UV rays, the lesser the degradation rate and less intermediates associated with the microplastic material will be yielded.

Production and Characterisation of Peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens Isolated from Water Sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Timothy, Mgbede; Abah, Moses Adondua; Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa; Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift; Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses; A, Ajala-Lawal R.; Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan; Morolake, Olabanji Martina; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3667

The use of biocatalysts like enzymes in the development of environmentally sustainable processes has been reported as an ecofriendly approach for the current bioeconomy. This research aimed at producing and characterizing peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens isolated from water sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Fungi species from surface water sample obtained in Federal University Wukari, Taraba Nigeria were isolated through serial dilution of peptone water and was cultured in a room temperature in different petri dishes using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). A portion of the fungi growth chosen from the best growth of cultured water sample were cut and transferred into the 250 Erlenmeyer flask each containing an acceptable proportion of phosphate buffer, pH 6.0. The screening for peroxidase production was aseptically performed on a plate by inoculating the fermented medium with azur B dye. The appearance of a clear zone indicated a positive result for peroxidase activity. The incubation of the peroxidase enzyme was conducted over eleven days, with the highest enzyme yield observed on the eighth day. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of pH on peroxidase activity was studied, revealing that the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.5. Peroxidase activity was lowest at pH 1. Temperature variation studies showed that the optimum temperature for peroxidase activity was 30°C. Peroxidase activity changed as substrate concentration was varied. Peroxidase activity was revealed to be highest at substrate concentration 1.9 mM. The kinetic parameters for peroxidase were investigated to be: Vmax = 10.57082; Km = 0.244186. The evidence presented in this research has shown that peroxidase can be produced in mass by using of white rot fungi from/around our surroundings and can be explored as a cheap source of peroxidase for industrial and biotechnological purposes. In conclusion, producing peroxidase from local isolates presents an eco-friendly and affordable alternative for industrial applications, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health.

Comparative Study on the Phytochemical and Micronutrients Levels in Selected Edible Mushroom Samples Abah, Moses Adondua; Adebisi, Arowora Kayode; Moses, Iyekekpolor Osamudiame; Dooshima, Arowora Mercy; Umaru, Isaac John; Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel; Timothy, Mgbede
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3707

Edible mushrooms have been known to possess various phytochemical and micro nutrient levels. Edible mushrooms can be eaten and they supply nutritional benefits to the human body system. It is not widely consumed mainly due to paucity of information about it. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the phytochemicals and micronutrients levels in two selected edible mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus and Agrocybe aegerita). Fully matured mushroom species of Oyster and Tea tree mushroom were collected, air dried and then stored in transparent polythene bags. Quantitative determination of phytochemicals and micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) present was carried out. Tea tree mushroom used in this research can be said to have the higher concentration of phytochemicals (phenols and poly-phenols), as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in Oyster mushroom in comparison to Tea tree mushroom for phenols and poly-phenols. The results obtained from this research indicated that there was no significant decrease(p>0.05) in Oyster mushroom in comparison to Tea tree mushroom for Sodium, Iron, Magnesium, Selenium, Manganese. While there was a non-significant increase (p>0.05) in Oyster mushroom in comparison to Tea tree mushroom for Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper. Tea tree mushroom had higher composition of vitamins A and C than oyster mushroom which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The findings in this study revealed that Tea tree mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) is slightly better than Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) based on their phytochemicals and micronutrients (minerals and vitamins).

Production and Characterisation of Peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens Isolated from Water Sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Timothy, Mgbede; Abah, Moses Adondua; Ayo, Victoria Ifeoluwa; Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Ijeomah, Nkechi Gift; Gbadebo, Adetoyi Moses; A, Ajala-Lawal R.; Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan; Morolake, Olabanji Martina; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3667

The use of biocatalysts like enzymes in the development of environmentally sustainable processes has been reported as an ecofriendly approach for the current bioeconomy. This research aimed at producing and characterizing peroxidase from Aspergillus terrens isolated from water sample in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Fungi species from surface water sample obtained in Federal University Wukari, Taraba Nigeria were isolated through serial dilution of peptone water and was cultured in a room temperature in different petri dishes using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). A portion of the fungi growth chosen from the best growth of cultured water sample were cut and transferred into the 250 Erlenmeyer flask each containing an acceptable proportion of phosphate buffer, pH 6.0. The screening for peroxidase production was aseptically performed on a plate by inoculating the fermented medium with azur B dye. The appearance of a clear zone indicated a positive result for peroxidase activity. The incubation of the peroxidase enzyme was conducted over eleven days, with the highest enzyme yield observed on the eighth day. The results obtained in this study showed that the effect of pH on peroxidase activity was studied, revealing that the optimum pH for enzyme activity was 7.5. Peroxidase activity was lowest at pH 1. Temperature variation studies showed that the optimum temperature for peroxidase activity was 30°C. Peroxidase activity changed as substrate concentration was varied. Peroxidase activity was revealed to be highest at substrate concentration 1.9 mM. The kinetic parameters for peroxidase were investigated to be: Vmax = 10.57082; Km = 0.244186. The evidence presented in this research has shown that peroxidase can be produced in mass by using of white rot fungi from/around our surroundings and can be explored as a cheap source of peroxidase for industrial and biotechnological purposes. In conclusion, producing peroxidase from local isolates presents an eco-friendly and affordable alternative for industrial applications, contributing to environmental sustainability and public health.

Comparative Study on the Phytochemical and Micronutrients Levels in Selected Edible Mushroom Samples Abah, Moses Adondua; Adebisi, Arowora Kayode; Moses, Iyekekpolor Osamudiame; Dooshima, Arowora Mercy; Umaru, Isaac John; Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel; Timothy, Mgbede
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3707

Edible mushrooms have been known to possess various phytochemical and micro nutrient levels. Edible mushrooms can be eaten and they supply nutritional benefits to the human body system. It is not widely consumed mainly due to paucity of information about it. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the phytochemicals and micronutrients levels in two selected edible mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus and Agrocybe aegerita). Fully matured mushroom species of Oyster and Tea tree mushroom were collected, air dried and then stored in transparent polythene bags. Quantitative determination of phytochemicals and micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) present was carried out. Tea tree mushroom used in this research can be said to have the higher concentration of phytochemicals (phenols and poly-phenols), as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in Oyster mushroom in comparison to Tea tree mushroom for phenols and poly-phenols. The results obtained from this research indicated that there was no significant decrease(p>0.05) in Oyster mushroom in comparison to Tea tree mushroom for Sodium, Iron, Magnesium, Selenium, Manganese. While there was a non-significant increase (p>0.05) in Oyster mushroom in comparison to Tea tree mushroom for Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper. Tea tree mushroom had higher composition of vitamins A and C than oyster mushroom which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The findings in this study revealed that Tea tree mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) is slightly better than Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) based on their phytochemicals and micronutrients (minerals and vitamins).

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