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Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Blended Organic Fertilizer from Yam and Sweet Potato Peels Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Clinton, Umeh Chisom
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i2.2844

This study shows the production of organic fertilizer by utilization of yam and sweet potatoes peels through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Method. Samples are categorized into sun-dried, sundried and autoclaved, Heat-dried, heat-dried and autoclaved, the fermentation process is carried out using alpha amylase and saccharomyces cerevisiae. Investigation of mineral elements (N, Cd, P, Zn, Pb, As, K, Hg.), in the eight varieties of Organic Fertilizer produced shows concentration of Cadmium (Cd) ranges from 0.0015 mg/kg to 0.0033 mg/kg), Nitrogen (N) in Percentage ranges from 2.3450% to 3.8550%; Phosphorus (P) ranges from 2.345 mg/kg to 3.607 mg/kg; Zinc (Zn) ranges from 2.215 mg/kg to 6.335 mg/kg. Lead (Pb) ranges from 0.00 mg/kg to 0.0015 mg/kg, potassium (K) ranges from 3.952 mg/kg to 6.213 mg/kg; Mercury and Arsenic nil. The study shows that Sweet Potato Peel (SDSPP) contains high Cadmium and potassium compare to other organic fertilizer produced. Sundried and Autoclaved Yam Peel (SDAYP) contains high percentage of Nitrogen (N), Heat Dried and Autoclaved Sweet Potato Peel (HDASPP) contains low Nitrogen, Sundried and Autoclaved Sweet Potato Peel (SDASPP) contains low phosphorus, Sundried Yam Peel (SDYP), Sundried and Autoclaved Yam Peels (SDAYP), Heat Dried Sweet Potato Peel HDSPP and Heat Dried Sweet Potato Peel (HDSPP) has zero trace of Lead (Pb) making it free of food intoxication from heavy metals, SDYP contains high phosphorus. These indicate that the samples will make quality organic fertilizer because it contains high Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium (NPK) which are essential elements required in plant structures.

Isolation and Molecular Characterisation of Chlorogonium sp. from Industrial Wastewater Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa; Ikwebe, Joseph; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Mafe, Alice Njolke; Abah, Moses Adondua
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i3.3851

Microalgae are photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms also known as phytoplankton. They are small plant-like entities. In this research, the sample were collected from cement factory in a sterilised 20L container wrapped with foil paper and were transported down to Federal University, Wukari where it was kept in refrigerator at biochemistry laboratory. Blue-Green media (BG-11) was prepared. Wastewater containing Microalgae obtained from cement wastewater pond were cultivated in BG-11 medium to determine the growth of the organism. BG-11 medium contained macronutrients, trace metals and some vitamins which aid the growth of the organism. The wastewater sample containing with suspected microalgae was inoculated (inoculum ratio = 25%) and incubated under atmospheric CO2 at room temperature (30±2°C) in our laboratory for two to three weeks during the incubation period. In order to purify the isolates, the upper growth layer was first decanted into a freshly produced medium and then plated on BG-11 media that had been solidified with 1% agar-agar. For several of the cultures, growth on the agar plates continued for around three weeks. Following repeated sub-culturing, the emerging greenish colonies were re-emerged into a sterile BG-11 agar medium. In isolation of organism from the industrial cement waste water, the isolate was identified by morphological and molecular identification by extracting the DNA, run the electrophoretic analysis and PCR using primers for 18S rRNA eukaryotic microalgal and then run the sequence analysis. The results of this study obtained, indicated that, the electrophoretic result show the band has 1800-2000base pair and the organism isolated from the industrial cement waste water were chlorogonium sp. with a percent similarity of 78.65% and accession number of OR886595 based on data Gene Bank blast results.

Recent Advances in Lipid Metabolism and Regulations: A Review Titus, Stephen Dio; Emmanuel, Allahnanan; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Tatah, Silas Verwiyeh; Arowora, Kayode Adebisi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v3i1.5044

Lipid metabolism is a highly intricate and tightly regulated process essential for cellular function, energy homeostasis, and metabolic balance. It encompasses lipid synthesis (lipogenesis), storage, breakdown (lipolysis and β-oxidation), and transport, all of which are orchestrated by complex regulatory networks involving enzymes, transcription factors, hormones, and environmental influences. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lipidomics, molecular biology, and metabolic engineering have significantly expanded our understanding of lipid metabolism, revealing novel regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) as modulators of lipid homeostasis has provided new insights into gene regulation, while research on gut microbiome interactions has highlighted the role of microbial metabolites in lipid metabolism. Key metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, and ketogenesis, are controlled by pivotal regulatory elements, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Additionally, cholesterol biosynthesis, transport, and excretion are modulated through intricate feedback mechanisms involving the liver, lipoproteins, and sterol regulatory networks. This review explores the latest advancements in lipid metabolism, including lipidomics applications, regulatory mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders. A deeper understanding of lipid metabolic pathways and their regulation will pave the way for novel precision medicine approaches in managing lipid-related diseases and optimizing metabolic health.

Effects of Ginger on Growth Indices and Pb Bioaccumulation of Tomato Fruits Cultivated in Lead and Spent Engine Oil-Contaminated Soils Olaniyi, Amoo Abdulhamid; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; John, Umaru Isaac
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2790

Good soil is needed for public health and this research studies lead concentrations of tomato planted in different soil samples in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria (with 50mg/kg simulated and non-simulated contamination) labelled groups A-H. Two weeks-old tomato seedlings were transplanted to triplicates of soils pots labelled A: normal soil, B:Ginger treated (positive control), three negative controls; C:lead contaminated; D Spent Engine Oil (SEO) contaminated, and E:Pb+SEO containing soil, F:Lead contaminated+ginger treatment, G: SEO contaminated+ginger treatment, H:lead+SEO contaminated+ginger treatment. The lengths, circumferences and weights of 36 tomato fruits per plant pot were measured at random. Lead uptake and bioaccumulation were also assessed in tomato fruits derived from each group. Tomato fruits in group E weighed highest (15.41±7.81g) while those in group H had the lowest weight (12.02±6.69g). The longest and the highest average tomato fruit circumference were recorded in group D (5.61±2.66cm and 6.15±2.93cm) respectively. Conversely, group H presented the shortest mean tomato fruits with 4.19±2.45cm and lowest fruit circumference (4.49±2.34cm). Bioaccumulation of lead was highest in tomatoes of group E with 1.79±0.47ppm and the lowest was derived from group A:normal soil with 0.68±0.13ppm on average each. The lead concentrations of all groups exceeded permissible limits specified in WHO/FAO Standards (0.01 ppm) as well as the maximum allowable concentration of 0.02 ppm by EU and 0.05 ppm limit set by USEPA suggesting a public health concern.

Recent Application of Enzymes and Microbes in Bioremediation Eneji, Emmanuel Afen; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Ikwebe, Joseph
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i2.3818

Chemicals used in industry and military, along with poor waste management, cause soil, water, and air pollution. Pollutants pose health risks due to their resistance to degradation processes. Conventional methods are costly and generate secondary pollution. Bioremediation offers eco-friendly alternatives using enzymes and nanotechnology for efficient pollutant removal either in situ or ex sit. Microorganisms play a crucial role in bioremediation by converting toxic elements into less harmful compounds through processes like mineralization. They can survive in diverse environments and utilize various substrates, making them efficient in removing pollutants. Microbes utilize mechanisms like immobilization and mobilization to remove pollutants from the environment, with different types of bacteria specializing in degrading specific pollutants. Enzyme engineering involves manipulating biomolecules and processes for biotechnological applications. Two main strategies are rational design, requiring prior knowledge, and directed evolution, mimicking natural selection in a controlled manner. Rational design combines microorganisms or enzymes for specific reactions, while directed evolution creates gene variants through random mutagenesis for desired characteristics. Both methods aim to improve enzymes for bioremediation applications.

Recent Application of Enzymes and Microbes in Bioremediation Eneji, Emmanuel Afen; Stephen, Ezeonu Chukwuma; Ikwebe, Joseph
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i2.3818

Chemicals used in industry and military, along with poor waste management, cause soil, water, and air pollution. Pollutants pose health risks due to their resistance to degradation processes. Conventional methods are costly and generate secondary pollution. Bioremediation offers eco-friendly alternatives using enzymes and nanotechnology for efficient pollutant removal either in situ or ex sit. Microorganisms play a crucial role in bioremediation by converting toxic elements into less harmful compounds through processes like mineralization. They can survive in diverse environments and utilize various substrates, making them efficient in removing pollutants. Microbes utilize mechanisms like immobilization and mobilization to remove pollutants from the environment, with different types of bacteria specializing in degrading specific pollutants. Enzyme engineering involves manipulating biomolecules and processes for biotechnological applications. Two main strategies are rational design, requiring prior knowledge, and directed evolution, mimicking natural selection in a controlled manner. Rational design combines microorganisms or enzymes for specific reactions, while directed evolution creates gene variants through random mutagenesis for desired characteristics. Both methods aim to improve enzymes for bioremediation applications.

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