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Identification of differentially expressed genes in resting human skeletal muscle of sedentary versus strength and endurance-trained individuals using bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation Kinanti, Rias G.; Weningtyas, Anditri; Ariesaka, Kiky M.; Puspitasari, Sendhi T.; Arsani, Ni LKA.; Liao, Hung E.
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1764

Abstract

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle adaptation to different training regimens is essential for advancing muscle health and performance interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular and genetic adaptations in the resting skeletal muscle of sedentary individuals compared to strength- and endurance-trained athletes using bioinformatics and in vitro validation. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis of the GSE9405 dataset was conducted. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. To validate the bioinformatics findings, the expression of two identified genes was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in professional athletes and age-matched non-athletes. Analysis of RNA expression profiles from the GSE9405 dataset identified 426 DEGs, with 165 upregulated and 261 downregulated in trained individuals. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to metabolic efficiency, mitochondrial function, and muscle remodeling, all crucial for athletic performance. PRKACA and CALM3 were identified as key upregulated genes in trained individuals with central roles in these pathways. The area under the curve (AUC) values for CALM3 and PRKACA were 0.8558 and 0.8846, respectively, for differentiating the two groups. Validation in human samples confirmed that CALM3 expression was significantly higher in athletes (p=0.001), suggesting its critical role in muscle adaptation. However, PRKACA expression differences between the groups were not statistically significant (p=0.321). These findings provide insights into gene-level responses to long-term training, offering a basis for targeted interventions to enhance muscle health and athletic performance.
The Potency of Polymeric Nanoparticles as New Drug Delivery System: A Narrative Review Ariesaka, Kiky M.; Hidayati, Zulfa; Nurhayati, Siti; Dewi, Ni L.M.N.; Nuryady, Moh M.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/pcpr.v10i1.56782

Abstract

Polymeric nanoparticles are particles ranging from 1 to 1,000 nm that can be loaded with active compounds. Polymeric nanoparticles can be classified based on their morphological structure into nanocapsules and nanospheres. In addition, polymeric nanoparticles can also be classified based on the compound’s origin into natural and synthetic polymer. The nanoparticle production method is adjusted based on the type of drug that will be loaded. The methods commonly used for the production of polymeric nanoparticles are solvent evaporation, solvent emulsification/ diffusion, nanoprecipitation, emulsification/ reverse-salting out, and nanoprecipitation. This review also provides several examples of clinical applications of nanoparticles in the formulation of several drugs/bioactives including hyperforin, curcumin, and amphotericin B.