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DIFERENSIASI KEPUTUSAN HAKIM DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WAKAF: STUDI KASUS PADA ENAM PUTUSAN PENGADILAN AGAMA DI INDONESIA Marzuki, A. Sofi; Huda, M. Ikhwanul
Tahkim (Jurnal Peradaban dan Hukum Islam) Vol 8, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Hukum Keluarga Islam (Ahwal Asy-Syakhsiyyah) Fakultas Syariah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/tahkim.v8i1.14730

Abstract

Diferensiasi keputusan hakim dalam penyelesaian sengketa wakaf mencerminkan variasi interpretasi terhadap hukum positif dan hukum islam, yang sering kali menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan keputusan hakim dalam kasus sengketa wakaf. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui analisis enam putusan pengadilan agama yang berkaitan dengan sengketa wakaf. Selain itu, data pendukung berupa artikel akademik terkait, juga dikaji guna memperkaya diskusi dalam penelitian ini. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, dan interpretasi data tentang putusan pengadilan terkait sengketa wakaf. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diferensiasi keputusan disebabkan oleh faktor interpretasi hukum, latar belakang pengalaman hakim, dan pertimbangan terhadap kemaslahatan umum. Kurangnya panduan teknis dan yurisprudensi yang seragam turut memperbesar variasi tersebut. Untuk meningkatkan kepastian hukum, diperlukan pedoman teknis yang konsisten, pelatihan hakim yang berfokus pada harmonisasi hukum islam dan hukum positif, serta penguatan yurisprudensi. Kesimpulannya, diferensiasi keputusan hakim dapat diminimalkan dengan langkah-langkah tersebut, guna memastikan keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa wakaf.                  The differentiation of judges' decisions in waqf dispute resolution reflects variations in the interpretation of positive and Islamic law, which often creates legal uncertainty. This study aims to identify the factors that cause differences in judges' decisions in waqf dispute cases. The method used is normative juridical with data collection techniques through analysis of six religious court decisions related to waqf disputes. In addition, supporting data in the form of related academic articles were also reviewed to enrich the discussion in this study. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and interpretation of court decisions related to waqf disputes. The results showed that the differentiation of decisions was caused by factors of legal interpretation, judges' background experience, and consideration of the public interest. The lack of uniform technical guidelines and jurisprudence also increases the variation. To improve legal certainty, consistent technical guidelines, training of judges focusing on harmonization of Islamic and positive law, and strengthening of jurisprudence are required. In conclusion, the differentiation of judges' decisions can be minimized by such measures, ensuring justice and legal certainty in resolving waqf disputes.
DISPARITAS PEMBERIAN KREDIT BANK KONVENSIONAL DAN PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH TERHADAP UMKM: ANALISIS YURIDIS Devica, Fitria Sri; Huda, M. Ikhwanul; Marzuki, A. Sofi
ANALISIS Vol. 15 No. 01 (2025): ANALISIS VOLUME 15 NO. 01 TAHUN 2025
Publisher : FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FLORES UNIVERSITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37478/als.v15i01.5227

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the disparity between Sharia and Conventional Banks in conducting financing and credit to MSMEs. This kind of study uses statutory methods and normative legal theory. The findings of this study show that conventional banks and Islamic banks are different from one another. The first difference is seen in the fundamental ideas that each bank embraces. Conventional banks usually emphasize creditworthiness based on collateral or customer-owned collateral and use fixed or variable interest rate schemes. On the other hand, Islamic banks operate according to sharia law, which prohibits riba, or interest. The contract or agreement used by conventional and Islamic banks is the second difference. Islamic banks use musyarakah and mudharabah as forms of funding. However, conventional banks use leasing, factoring and credit contracts. The two banks' approach to risk management is the third difference. Islamic banks bear the risk, especially when funding items such as musyarakah and mudharabah. In Conventional banks, the customer bears all the business risk. Conventional banks charge late fees in the form of cumulative interest. The fourth difference relates to the way funds are raised and allocated. The objectives and funding strategies used by Islamic banks and conventional banks are very different. Since funds are allocated exclusively to activities that comply with Shariah regulations and halal values, the objects of financing in Islamic banks are often restricted. Islamic banks usually adopt a more individualized and partnership-focused approach to their customers. On the other hand, conventional banks do not have any restrictions on the object of funding, hence funds can be used for both halal and non-halal activities.
Legal Compliance of Broiler Poultry Operators in Halal Certification: Regulation and Social Awareness: Kepatuhan Hukum Pelaku Usaha Ayam Potong terhadap Sertifikasi Halal: Regulasi dan Kesadaran Sosial Marzuki, A. Sofi; Khoiriyah, Laily; Huda, M. Ikhwanul; Hijri, Muhammad Faqihuddin El
Az-Zarqa': Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): Az-Zarqa'
Publisher : Sharia and Law Faculty of Sunan Kalijaga Islamic State University Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/az-zarqa.v16.i2.1608

Abstract

Abstract: Halal product assurance is an important issue in Muslim communities, as the concept of halal encompasses not only spiritual aspects but also reflects social and business responsibilities. However, the level of compliance among business operators in ensuring the halal status of their products remains varied, particularly in the broiler poultry farming sector, which is one of the main commodities consumed by the public. This study aims to analyze the legal compliance of broiler poultry farmers in Kampung Haji Pemanggilan, Anak Tuha Subdistrict, Central Lampung Regency, in meeting halal product assurance regulations. The study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, focusing on three main indicators of legal compliance: Compliance, Identification, and Internalization. The findings indicate that business operators partnered with the Berkat Usaha Bersama Poultry Farmers Group (KPA) are more likely to adhere to halal standards due to the support of facilities and direct benefits from the partnership. In contrast, individual business operators show lower compliance due to lack of supervision, insufficient socialization, and the perception that halal certification is irrelevant to their local market. Other barriers include the high cost of certification and the complex administrative process. This study concludes that stricter supervision, intensive socialization, and incentives for small-scale business operators are necessary to improve legal compliance.   Abstrak: Jaminan produk halal merupakan isu penting dalam masyarakat Muslim, mengingat kehalalan tidak hanya mencakup aspek spiritual tetapi juga mencerminkan tanggung jawab sosial dan bisnis. Namun, tingkat kepatuhan pelaku usaha dalam memastikan kehalalan produk masih bervariasi, terutama di sektor usaha ternak ayam potong yang menjadi salah satu komoditas utama konsumsi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepatuhan hukum pelaku usaha ternak ayam potong di Kampung Haji Pemanggilan, Kecamatan Anak Tuha, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, dalam memenuhi jaminan produk halal sesuai regulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, dengan fokus pada tiga indikator utama kepatuhan hukum, yaitu Compliance, Identification, dan Internalization. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku usaha yang bermitra dengan Kelompok Peternak Ayam (KPA) Berkat Usaha Bersama lebih mematuhi standar halal karena adanya dukungan fasilitas dan manfaat langsung dari kemitraan tersebut. Sebaliknya, pelaku usaha individu menunjukkan tingkat kepatuhan yang rendah akibat kurangnya pengawasan, minimnya sosialisasi, serta persepsi bahwa sertifikasi halal tidak relevan bagi pasar lokal mereka. Hambatan lainnya termasuk biaya sertifikasi yang dianggap tinggi dan proses administrasi yang kompleks. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengawasan yang lebih ketat, sosialisasi yang intensif, dan insentif bagi pelaku usaha kecil diperlukan untuk meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhan hukum.