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Investigation on the Implementation of Exponential Rate Reaching Law on Parabolic Dish Antenna System Nantim, James; Mohammed, A.; Sadiq, A. A.; Nazif, D. M.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i2.4984

Parabolic antennas are crucial in applications like satellite communication, radar systems, and radio astronomy for precise pointing and tracking capabilities. The research aims to create a reliable Exponential Rate Reaching Law-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (ERPID) controller for a Parabolic Dish Antenna System, overcoming challenges like nonlinearities and wind disturbances. The study integrates the parabolic dish antenna model with PID and ERPID control, evaluating their performances under wind disturbances through simulations. In undisturbed conditions, the antenna system without a controller shows a slow rise time (7.5717 seconds) and extended settling time (9.8105 seconds). When a disturbance is introduced, the system becomes highly unstable with a rapid rise time (0.1047 seconds) and extreme overshoot (657%), demonstrating the need for a controller to manage disturbances. When PID was introduced without Disturbance, the PID controller significantly improved the response. The rise time decreases to 1.4896 seconds, with a settling time of 5.2740 seconds. An overshoot of 9.63% indicates a controlled and responsive system. With Disturbance, the system maintains stability with a rise time of 1.4977 seconds, though the settling time increases slightly to 9.6556 seconds. Overshoot is kept minimal at 7.9%, showcasing the PID controller's ability to handle disturbances effectively. Without Disturbance, the ERPID controller demonstrates a slower rise time (2.8663 seconds) than the PID, with a comparable settling time of 5.2298 seconds. Overshoot is minimized to 7.66%, indicating high stability and controlled precision. With Disturbance, the ERPID controller maintains a gradual response with a rise time of 2.9832 seconds and a settling time of 6.4649 seconds. The overshoot is further reduced to 6.04%, reflecting robustness against external factors and controlled performance under disturbance. The research revealed that the ERPID controller, despite improving system performance, is more effective for high-precision applications like satellite communication due to its enhanced stability and reduced overshoot.

Feasibility Assessment of Wind Energy-Driven Automatic Irrigation System for Jos Plateau Daniel, Samson; Aliyu, Hassan; Mamman, Buhari; Musa, Yarima Sa’id; Nazif, D. M.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i2.5034

Nigeria's over-reliance on rainfall agriculture is reducing crop yield and keeping farm output below demand, despite irrigation farming providing insurance for rain-fed agriculture even during rainy seasons. The location of study is Jos, Plateau State, where year-round wind speeds of 3 to 9.37 m/s make providing electricity for irrigation water pumping feasible, and the nature of the terrain which enables the pump hydro storage technology. This study explores the feasibility of a wind-powered pump hydro storage scheme for smart irrigation systems, generating electricity to pump water and charge a battery bank. The farm uses a battery storage for irrigation control, powered by a microcontroller. The system monitors farm parameters using soil moisture and water level sensors. Raw wind data was upgraded from 10m to 50m hub height for improved power generation. The S3-1000-B8 wind turbine produces enough energy to pump a minimum of 8.7 m3 and a maximum of 176 m3 of water every week. Polynomial regression was used to calculate the wind power produced by this turbine, making it appropriate for this task. The 180 m3 of irrigation water needed per week to irrigate 10,000 m2 of agriculture was provided by 20 (S3-1000-B8) wind turbines. 720m3 of stored water is required for a month of safe irrigation. Based on wind potential, a single wind turbine can pump 234.864m3 of water and provide an average of 16kWh of energy every month. Consequently, the wind farm produces about 336 kWh and pumps 4,932 m3 in total.

Persistence of Examination Misconduct in Tertiary Institutions: Technology, Family, and Educational Institutions Yarda, Muhammad Yahaya; Nazif, D. M.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5358

This study examines the persistence of examination misconduct in tertiary institutions, focusing on the roles of technology, family influence, and educational institutions in shaping students’ engagement in academic dishonesty. Using Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga (GSPB), and Federal Polytechnic Bauchi (FPTB) as case studies, the research employs a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, to assess the factors contributing to examination malpractice. The study explores how the widespread use of smartphones, smartwatches, and internet-enabled devices has transformed traditional cheating methods, making it easier for students to access unauthorized materials during exams. Findings indicate that technology has not only facilitated cheating but has also made detection more challenging due to the availability of encrypted communication channels and sophisticated cheating devices. In addition to technological factors, the study highlights the influence of family dynamics on students’ attitudes toward academic integrity. It was discovered that parental pressure to succeed, financial constraints, and limited parental involvement in students’ education contribute significantly to examination misconduct. Some parents, either knowingly or unknowingly, encourage academic dishonesty by emphasizing results over ethical learning, sometimes going so far as to hire proxy candidates or pay bribes to ensure their children pass. The research also reveals that students from families that prioritize integrity and moral upbringing are less likely to engage in cheating. Institutional policies and enforcement mechanisms also play a crucial role in either deterring or enabling examination malpractice. The study finds that weak implementation of academic integrity policies, lack of strict invigilation, overcrowded examination halls, and inadequate technological tools for monitoring contribute to the persistence of cheating. While some institutions have adopted anti-cheating technologies such as plagiarism detection software and biometric authentication, their effectiveness is often compromised by infrastructural deficiencies, poor enforcement, and lack of staff training. To address these challenges, the study recommends a multi-pronged approach, including the integration of advanced monitoring systems such as artificial intelligence-based surveillance, biometric verification, and stringent penalties for offenders. It also advocates for reinforcing ethical education in curricula, increased parental engagement in students' academic and moral development, and improved training for invigilators and academic staff on detecting and preventing cheating. Additionally, institutions should strengthen their examination policies, ensure consistent enforcement, and invest in research-driven strategies to curb academic dishonesty.

Modelling and Analysis of a Power Transformer Using Finite Element Analysis Muhammad, Sabo Sani; Abdulrazak, Sabo; Bakare, G. A.; Abdulhafiz, Sabo; Nazif, D. M.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5703

This study presents an enhanced Finite Element Method (FEM) model for comprehensive analysis of power transformers, addressing electromagnetic, thermal, and electrostatic performance aspects with improved accuracy and efficiency. Conventional analytical approaches to evaluating transformer characteristics—such as core losses, copper losses, magnetic flux distribution, and thermal behavior—are often labor-intensive and susceptible to inaccuracies. To overcome these limitations, a double discretization FEM (DD-FEM) framework was developed using ANSYS Maxwell and ANSYS Mechanical software to simulate a 30 MVA, 132/33 kV three-phase power transformer. The electromagnetic simulation yielded core and copper losses of 19.62 kW and 97.03 kW, respectively, with DD-FEM reducing absolute errors by 1.38% and 1.48% compared to standard FEM methods. Thermal modeling under normal loading conditions indicated a peak winding temperature of 94.2°C, rising to 112.9°C during overloading (33 MVA), thus justifying the need for forced cooling systems. Electrostatic analysis confirmed that electric field stresses between windings remained within safe operational limits (10.48 kV/mm²), though a localized insulation weakness was identified between the low-voltage winding and the core (3.74 kV/mm²). Across all evaluated parameters, the DD-FEM model showed superior alignment with benchmark analytical results, reducing relative errors in core loss estimation by up to 12.2%. These results affirm the efficacy of the enhanced FEM approach in optimizing transformer design, enhancing operational reliability, and reducing engineering uncertainty, particularly under varying load and fault scenarios. The study demonstrates the critical role of advanced numerical tools in modern transformer engineering and high-fidelity system simulation.

Performance and Economic Evaluation of Power Transformer Muhammad, Sabo Sani; Abdulrazak, Sabo; Haruna, Y. S.; Abdulhafiz, Sabo; Nazif, D. M.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5704

This study presents a comprehensive performance and economic evaluation of a three-phase 132/33 kV delta/star power transformer using an enhanced Finite Element Method (FEM) integrated with ANSYS Maxwell software. The transformer model, developed based on operational data from the Gudum substation in Bauchi, Nigeria, was designed to assess electromagnetic and thermal characteristics under no-load, full-load, and short-circuit conditions. The FEM simulation incorporated detailed geometric configuration, material properties (M125-027S laminated steel core and copper windings), optimized meshing, and coupling with external electrical circuits. Key performance indicators—including magnetic flux density, core and copper losses, voltage and current outputs, and efficiency—were evaluated under varying load scenarios. The model exhibited peak efficiency of 80.84% at 97.10% loading, and simulated load currents demonstrated loss reductions between 8.46% and 11.05% relative to empirical measurements, validating the model’s reliability. Furthermore, a life cycle cost (LCC) analysis was conducted using present-value cash flow techniques over a projected 22-year operational period. The total LCC was estimated at ₦2,777,811,381, with no-load and load losses accounting for ₦534.2 million and ₦1.88 billion, respectively. These findings underscore the substantial economic implications of design and material decisions in transformer manufacturing and operation. The study emphasizes the value of advanced FEM-based tools in optimizing transformer performance and cost-efficiency, offering strategic guidance for procurement, maintenance planning, and long-term infrastructure investment in power systems.

Detecting Cardiac Arrhythmias through Electrocardiography: Current Advancement and Future Direction from the Standpoint of Deep Learning Sabo, Abdulhafiz; Gital, Abdulsalam Y.; Babayaro, Abass; Waziri, Jamilu Usman; Muhammad, Sabo Sani; Nazif, D. M.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5902

Cardiac arrhythmia remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is a significant risk factor for the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely utilized diagnostic tool for the early detection of cardiac arrhythmias, and recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have demonstrated notable success in automating and enhancing this process. Despite the growing body of research, there remains a lack of a focused and comprehensive literature review dedicated specifically to the application of deep learning techniques in ECG-based arrhythmia detection. Addressing this gap, the present study systematically reviews recent contributions that apply deep learning algorithms to ECG data for the identification and classification of cardiac arrhythmias. The review categorizes relevant studies based on architectural approaches, datasets used, performance metrics, and clinical relevance. A novel taxonomy is proposed to classify the domains of deep learning applications in ECG, including supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid learning models, as well as real-time and offline diagnostic systems. The review also identifies current limitations in model generalizability, data quality, and interpretability. Based on these insights, future research directions are proposed to guide the development of more robust, transparent, and clinically applicable deep learning systems for cardiac arrhythmia detection. This review serves as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the intersection of artificial intelligence and cardiovascular diagnostics.

Modified Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification from Electrocardiography Signals Using a Convolutional Neural Network Model Abdulhafiz, Sabo; Gital, Abdulsalam Ya’u; Mohammed, Sani Sabo; Nazif, D. M.
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 4 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i4.5905

Manual classification of cardiac arrhythmias from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is a labor-intensive and error-prone process due to the complex and variable nature of cardiac waveforms. Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets), widely recognized for their success in image classification, offer a promising solution for automating this task. This study proposes an enhanced ConvNet-based approach for the classification of cardiac arrhythmias, leveraging AlexNet as a feature extractor. The features obtained from the convolutional layers are input into a backpropagation neural network for final classification. The proposed model was evaluated on four distinct arrhythmia conditions using ECG waveforms from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. Comparative analysis against traditional models revealed the superior performance of the proposed ConvNet architecture, achieving high scores across multiple evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC. The feature extractor demonstrated robust performance, with classification accuracies of 1.00 and 0.99 on training and testing datasets, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of ConvNet-based models to serve as efficient, accurate, and fully automated tools for arrhythmia diagnosis, contributing significantly to advancements in cardiovascular disease detection and clinical decision support systems.

Performance Comparison of Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) Controller and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller for Parabolic Dish Antenna System Inah, Obi Mathias; Nazif, D. M.; Umar, Sadik; Muhammad, Fatima; Bal., Yakubu Barau
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v2i2.6404

This study presents a comparative performance analysis of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Tilt-Integral-Derivative (TID) controllers in the context of azimuth positioning for a parabolic dish antenna system. A detailed system model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink, integrating key components such as motor dynamics, amplifier behavior, potentiometer-based feedback, and gear mechanisms. The performance of both controllers was evaluated under ideal conditions and in the presence of environmental disturbances, with wind effects modeled using the Dryden wind turbulence model to simulate real-world scenarios. Key performance metrics, rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error were used to assess controller efficacy. The results indicate that the PID controller outperforms the TID controller in terms of stability, accuracy, and resilience to disturbance. Although the TID controller exhibited a marginally faster initial response, it suffered from greater overshoot and reduced stability, particularly under wind-induced disturbance. These findings underscore the robustness and suitability of PID control for high-precision antenna positioning systems, while also suggesting that enhancements to TID control may be possible through optimization techniques or hybrid controller designs.

Harmonic Improvement in Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Using a Hybrid of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Firefly (FFA) Algorithms Auwal, Ibraheem; Amoo, A. L.; Mohammed, A.; Bal, Yakubu Barau; Nazif, D. M.
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v2i2.6405

Harmonic distortion presents a significant challenge in renewable energy integration, particularly in conventional 2-level inverters. Multilevel inverters, such as the cascaded H-bridge topology, offer an effective solution by generating multiple voltage levels, thereby reducing distortion and eliminating the need for bulky filters. This study investigates harmonic reduction in a single-phase 21-level asymmetric cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using a novel hybrid optimization algorithm combining Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Firefly Algorithm (FA). The hybrid ABC-FA algorithm is designed to determine optimal switching angles for minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) while addressing the limitations of conventional heuristic methods. Modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK, the proposed algorithm demonstrates enhanced performance in both harmonic reduction and convergence speed. Simulation results show that the hybrid ABC-FA algorithm achieves THD levels below 5%, representing a 10–20% improvement over standalone ABC or FA implementations. Additionally, the algorithm exhibits faster convergence, highlighting its effectiveness and reliability for improving power quality and facilitating efficient integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid.

Modeling, Simulation, and Dynamic Analysis of Earth-Fault Detection in High-Voltage Transmission Networks Nazif, D. M.; Bal, Yakubu Barau; Muhammad, Fatima; Umar, Sadik; Abdulrahman, Aliyu
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v2i3.7236

This paper addresses the need for accurate and timely single-line-to-ground (SLG) fault detection in high-voltage transmission systems, particularly to improve grid reliability in developing regions. The research objective is to propose and validate an integrated framework that combines modeling, simulation, and real-time implementation for SLG fault identification and location. Methodologically, a dual-unit detection scheme was developed: a MATLAB/Simulink dynamic model emulating a 132 kV transmission line under diverse fault scenarios, and a microcontroller-based hardware prototype employing voltage and current sensors interfaced with an Arduino Uno and GSM module to detect disturbances and transmit location data; experimental validation involved controlled fault injection, waveform inspection, and fault distance estimation via zero-sequence current and voltage dip analysis. Key findings show high-precision fault location with estimation errors consistently below 0.75% over a 30–300 km range, alongside fast response, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. The study concludes that the combined software–hardware architecture reliably detects and locates SLG faults. The contribution and implication are a scalable, low-cost approach to reducing fault-related outages and enhancing fault management in transmission networks.

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