Ana Yuliana
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

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The Exploration of Language Evolution: A Study of Linguistic Divergence and Kinship in the Provinces of Sumatra Island Riska Meliana; Irfa Luthfia Rahmani; Ana Yuliana; Rizqi Wafi
Linguistik Indonesia Vol. 44 No. 1 (2026): Linguistik Indonesia
Publisher : Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26499/li.v44i1.860

Abstract

This research investigates language evolution and linguistic kinship on the island of Sumatra. It also extends coverage to cognate languages in other regions. The languages studied include those spoken by various ethnic groups, namely Aceh, Gayo (Aceh), Batak Toba, Mandailing (North Sumatra), Rejang, Serawai (Bengkulu), Melayu Bangka, and Kayu Agung (Bangka Belitung). The main objectives are (1) to investigate how quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal kinship relationships between Acehnese (AT) and Gayo (GT) in Aceh, Batak Toba (BTT) and Batak Mandailing (BMT) in North Sumatra, Rejang (RT) and Serawai (ST) in Bengkulu, and Melayu Bangka (MBT) and Kayu Agung (KAT) in Bangka Belitung; (2) to identify and present empirical evidence to determine the divergence time for each language pair, and (3) to classify the studied languages into specific kinship groups and to identify the proportions of kinship relationships among languages in Aceh, North Sumatra, Bengkulu, and Bangka Belitung. This research used the lexicostatistical and glottochronological methods developed by Swadesh. Word kinship was evaluated using a list of 200 words. The results showed significant differences among the eight languages. The languages in North Sumatra Province and Bengkulu, for example, had a low similarity rate of 17%. The kinship percentage of local languages in Bengkulu and Bangka Belitung provinces averaged 50.5%. This places them in the “Language of Family” category, indicating a correlation in vocabulary despite variations in phonetic elements and dialects. Glottochronological calculations estimate the time of separation between the languages to range from 430 BC to 3,590 AD. This research makes a significant contribution and plays a vital role in supporting language documentation and preservation. It also helps to understand the social and cultural dynamics that influence language development in society. 
The Influence of Age and Gender on Readiness of EFL Teachers in Implementing Merdeka Curriculum in Bangka Belitung Province Ana Yuliana; James Leonard Mwakapemba; Agus Widyantoro
JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): JEELS May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syekh Wasil, Kediri, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30762/jeels.v12i1.3886

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore English teachers’ readiness to implement Merdeka curriculum which focused on three aspects of readiness: emotive-attitudinal, cognitive, and behavioral. It investigates whether teachers’ readiness in implementing Merdeka curriculum varies by age and gender. This study used quantitative research in the form of survey design. The samples of the study were 179 English teachers at senior and vocational high schools in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. The data were collected from 68 items of the questionnaire, consisting of 26 items for emotive-attitudinal dimensions, 28 items for cognitive dimensions, and 14 items for behavioral dimensions. Descriptive statistics and MANOVA were computed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 26.0. The findings of the study showed that all of the teachers shared a moderate level of readiness in implementing Merdeka curriculum. Teachers’ readiness in implementing Merdeka curriculum showed a statistically significant difference among different age groups of teachers. However, there was no significant difference between male and female teachers’ readiness. The findings of this study suggest that while English teachers in Bangka Belitung Province exhibit a moderate level of readiness for implementing Merdeka curriculum, their preparedness may require further support, particularly in specific dimensions of readiness. The significant differences in readiness across age groups indicate that younger and older teachers may have varying needs in terms of training and professional development.