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All Journal Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics International Journal of Education, Management, and Technology Journal of Statistics and Data Science
Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo
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Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Other

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Epidemiological Analysis of Age and Gender Disparities of Some Selected Diseases Among Children Under Five in Lagos State, Nigeria Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Ajao, Olutunde Michael
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5367

Abstract

Infant mortality due to preventable infectious diseases remains a critical public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in resource-limited settings like Lagos State, Nigeria. This study conducted a statistical analysis of the patterns of selected diseases—malaria, measles, kwashiorkor, yellow fever, and cholera—affecting children under four years of age at Egan Primary Health Care Center in Igando, Lagos, over a one-year period (2020). Utilizing a hospital-based cross-sectional design, secondary data from 1,541 cases were analyzed using chi-square tests, relative risk (RR), and odds ratio (OR) to assess disease dependency on age, gender, and inter-disease associations. The results revealed that disease occurrence was independent of age (χ² = 857.48, p < 0.001) but showed no significant dependency on gender (χ² = 2.14, p = 0.709), though males exhibited higher susceptibility to malaria (OR = 1.33, RR = 1.15), measles (OR = 1.02), and kwashiorkor (OR = 1.16). In contrast, yellow fever (OR = 0.94) and cholera (OR = 0.96) posed slightly lower risks to males. The study highlights a high burden of childhood infectious diseases in Lagos, driven by environmental and healthcare disparities, and recommends targeted, gender-sensitive interventions to reduce under-five mortality.
Statistical Quality Control as a Tool for Monitoring and Improving Dimensional Accuracy in Soap Manufacturing Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo
Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjms.v3i3.6431

Abstract

This study examines the application of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) techniques to enhance dimensional consistency, specifically in length and weight in the production of Sunlight Soap at Unilever’s Aba Plant. Data were collected from 20 production batches in January 2024 and analyzed using X̅ and R control charts, along with process capability indices (Cₚ and Cₚₖ). Analysis revealed that both dimensions were statistically in control, with no significant variation across batches (p = 0.9875 for length; p = 0.939 for weight). However, while weight measurements exhibited excellent process capability (Cₚ = 2.35, Cₚₖ = 2.31), length measurements reflected poor capability (Cₚ = 0.412, Cₚₖ = 0.301), indicating excessive variability. To address this inconsistency, the study recommends equipment recalibration, real-time monitoring, and targeted staff training. The findings contribute a replicable quality control framework aimed at improving product uniformity within fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) manufacturing environments.
A Statistical Study of Convicted and Awaiting Trial Individuals in Nigeria (2025) Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Ajao, Olutunde Michael; Augustine, Chinenmerem Darlington
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5629

Abstract

This study examines gender disparities, conviction patterns, and judicial inefficiencies in Nigeria’s correctional system using 2025 data from the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS), encompassing 81,200 inmates. Employing a Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test, the analysis revealed a stark gender imbalance, with males constituting 97% of inmates versus 50.1% in the general population (χ² = 72,950, p < 0.001), reflecting systemic biases in policing and prosecution. A Chi-square Test of Independence demonstrated a significant association between gender and conviction status (χ² = 62.4, p < 0.001), with 33.7% of males convicted compared to 23.3% of females, while 76.7% of females languished in pre-trial detention. A One-Sample Proportion Test further showed Nigeria’s conviction rate (33%) to be significantly lower than the historical benchmark of 35% (z = -12.5, p < 0.001), highlighting judicial delays and inefficiencies. These findings underscore systemic failures in Nigeria’s criminal justice system, including over-policing of men, prolonged pre-trial detention of women, and chronic case backlogs. The study concludes with urgent recommendations for gender-sensitive reforms, digitized court processes, and alternative sentencing to align practices with human rights standards and reduce overcrowding.
Spatial Variations in Inflation Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of Food and General Consumer Price Indices Across Nigerian States (January 2023–January 2024) Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Ajao, Olutunde Michael; Igbobie, Emeka Joseph
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7068

Abstract

This study investigates spatial variations in inflation dynamics across Nigerian states between January 2023 and January 2024, with emphasis on food and general Consumer Price Indices (CPI). Drawing on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the analysis applies descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Moran’s I spatial techniques to uncover regional disparities. Results indicate that food inflation (30.65%) consistently exceeded general inflation (25.88%), with states such as Kogi and Imo experiencing the widest gaps, largely attributable to supply chain inefficiencies and agricultural disruptions. Spatial clustering revealed distinct inflationary patterns, with high-inflation zones concentrated in the South-East and relatively lower inflation in the North-East, influenced by insecurity and infrastructure deficits. These findings underscore the need for region-specific policy measures that address structural drivers of inflation, particularly through targeted interventions in food security, supply chain resilience, and infrastructure development, in order to mitigate inflation’s socioeconomic impacts and promote economic stability.
Analytical Properties of the Uniform Exponential Distribution Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Ogunkoya, C. O.
Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjaei.v2i3.7188

Abstract

This study introduces a new probability distribution, the Uniform–Exponential Distribution, constructed by combining the Uniform and Exponential distributions to capture phenomena characterized by both constant and exponentially decaying behavior. The distribution is developed within the T-X family framework, and its fundamental properties are derived, including the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), hazard function, reverse hazard function, and moment-generating function (MGF). Analytical expressions for key moments—mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis—are presented to describe the distribution’s shape and behavior. Parameter estimation is conducted using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), ensuring statistical rigor in model fitting. Theoretical examples are provided to illustrate the distribution’s practical relevance. Potential applications are identified in reliability analysis, survival modeling, and environmental science, underscoring the distribution’s flexibility and utility in modeling diverse real-world processes.
A Diagnostic Approach Using Statistical Quality Control Tools for Root Cause Identification of Ceramic Glaze Defects Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Taiwo, O. Esther; OYEDIRAN, Hakeem Makanjuola
Journal of Statistics and Data Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : UNIB Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/jsds.v4i2.44795

Abstract

This study applies statistical quality control (SQC) tools to address glaze defects and strengthen process stability in the production of artisan ceramic mugs at Artisan Mugs Inc., with particular focus on the “Midnight Blue” product line. A Pareto analysis of 300 defective units identified glaze imperfections as the most frequent issue (54%), followed by handle cracks (21.7%). Root cause analysis using a fishbone diagram revealed multiple contributing factors spanning materials (e.g., elevated glaze viscosity), manpower (e.g., insufficient operator training), methods, machinery, measurement practices, and environmental conditions. To evaluate process stability, and R control charts were constructed from 25 production batches. Both charts demonstrated statistical control with no evidence of assignable causes, further validated by runs tests (). Process capability analysis indicated adequate but improvable performance, with indices of and for means, and and for ranges. These findings confirm that the process is stable, yet improvements are needed in centering and reducing variability.
A Review of the Convolution of Geometric Distributions and Its Properties Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Afariogun, David; Olajide Oyewole , AGBOOLA; Ivande , James Serumun
Journal of Statistics and Data Science Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : UNIB Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/jsds.v5i1.46545

Abstract

This review explores the convolution of geometric distributions, a key operation in probability theory for deriving the distribution of the sum of independent random variables. Geometric distributions quantify the number of Bernoulli trials needed for the first success and are foundational in discrete probability models. Convolving multiple geometric distributions with a common success probability produces a negative binomial distribution, modelling the number of trials needed to achieve a given number of successes. We present a concise derivation of this result, highlighting the relationship between geometric and negative binomial distributions. The review also outlines essential properties of the negative binomial distribution, including its mean, variance, moment-generating function, and some applications.
A Systematic Review of Seven Core Quality Control Tools and Their Applications in Manufacturing Process Improvement Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Afariogun, David Adebisi; Aina, Oluwaseun Ayomiposi
International Journal of Education, Management, and Technology Vol 3 No 3 (2025): International Journal of Education, Management, and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijemt.v3i3.7174

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the seven basic quality control tools and their applications in addressing problems within manufacturing industries. The tools examined include cause-and-effect diagrams, check sheets, control charts, histograms, Pareto charts, scatter diagrams, and flowcharts. Each tool is discussed in detail, focusing on its purpose, theoretical foundations, and practical applications in quality management. The study emphasizes how these tools support systematic identification, analysis, and resolution of production challenges, thereby improving process efficiency, reducing defects, and enhancing overall product quality. By demonstrating their versatility and effectiveness, the paper highlights the relevance of these tools as essential components of continuous improvement strategies in modern manufacturing.
Co-Authors Afariogun, David Afariogun, David Adebisi Aina, Oluwaseun Ayomiposi Ajao, Olutunde Michael Augustine, Chinenmerem Darlington Igbobie, Emeka Joseph Ivande , James Serumun Ogunkoya, C. O. Olajide Oyewole , AGBOOLA OYEDIRAN, Hakeem Makanjuola Taiwo, O. Esther