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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Ajao, Olutunde Michael
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Engineering Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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Epidemiological Analysis of Age and Gender Disparities of Some Selected Diseases Among Children Under Five in Lagos State, Nigeria Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Ajao, Olutunde Michael
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5367

Abstract

Infant mortality due to preventable infectious diseases remains a critical public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in resource-limited settings like Lagos State, Nigeria. This study conducted a statistical analysis of the patterns of selected diseases—malaria, measles, kwashiorkor, yellow fever, and cholera—affecting children under four years of age at Egan Primary Health Care Center in Igando, Lagos, over a one-year period (2020). Utilizing a hospital-based cross-sectional design, secondary data from 1,541 cases were analyzed using chi-square tests, relative risk (RR), and odds ratio (OR) to assess disease dependency on age, gender, and inter-disease associations. The results revealed that disease occurrence was independent of age (χ² = 857.48, p < 0.001) but showed no significant dependency on gender (χ² = 2.14, p = 0.709), though males exhibited higher susceptibility to malaria (OR = 1.33, RR = 1.15), measles (OR = 1.02), and kwashiorkor (OR = 1.16). In contrast, yellow fever (OR = 0.94) and cholera (OR = 0.96) posed slightly lower risks to males. The study highlights a high burden of childhood infectious diseases in Lagos, driven by environmental and healthcare disparities, and recommends targeted, gender-sensitive interventions to reduce under-five mortality.
Temporal Dynamics and Gender Disparities in Malaria, Typhoid, and Yellow Fever in Nigeria (2018–2023) Ajao, Olutunde Michael; Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Aina, Oluwaseun Ayomikun
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v3i3.7352

Abstract

This study examines temporal trends, gender disparities, and spatial distribution patterns of malaria, typhoid, and yellow fever in Nigeria using gender-disaggregated data from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) spanning 2018–2023. Drawing on 72 months of case counts, the analysis employed time-series decomposition, chi-square tests, and negative binomial regression modeling. Malaria exhibited moderate seasonal fluctuations with a peak in 2021 (35,000 cases), likely influenced by climatic variability. Typhoid presented sharp episodic spikes, notably in 2020 (15,000 cases), suggesting sanitation-related outbreaks. Yellow fever cases increased steadily by 45%, potentially reflecting enhanced surveillance or expanding endemicity. Statistically significant gender disparities were observed (χ² = 240.38, p < 0.001), with males disproportionately affected by typhoid and females slightly overrepresented in malaria cases. Model fitting indicated that malaria (p = 0.834) and yellow fever (p = 0.845) conformed well to the negative binomial distribution, while typhoid did not (p = 0.018), underscoring its irregular, outbreak-prone nature. These findings underscore the need for differentiated public health responses, including sustained vector control for malaria, improved sanitation infrastructure to curb typhoid, expanded yellow fever vaccination coverage, and gender-responsive, data-driven intervention strategies.
A Statistical Study of Convicted and Awaiting Trial Individuals in Nigeria (2025) Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Ajao, Olutunde Michael; Augustine, Chinenmerem Darlington
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i3.5629

Abstract

This study examines gender disparities, conviction patterns, and judicial inefficiencies in Nigeria’s correctional system using 2025 data from the Nigerian Correctional Service (NCoS), encompassing 81,200 inmates. Employing a Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test, the analysis revealed a stark gender imbalance, with males constituting 97% of inmates versus 50.1% in the general population (χ² = 72,950, p < 0.001), reflecting systemic biases in policing and prosecution. A Chi-square Test of Independence demonstrated a significant association between gender and conviction status (χ² = 62.4, p < 0.001), with 33.7% of males convicted compared to 23.3% of females, while 76.7% of females languished in pre-trial detention. A One-Sample Proportion Test further showed Nigeria’s conviction rate (33%) to be significantly lower than the historical benchmark of 35% (z = -12.5, p < 0.001), highlighting judicial delays and inefficiencies. These findings underscore systemic failures in Nigeria’s criminal justice system, including over-policing of men, prolonged pre-trial detention of women, and chronic case backlogs. The study concludes with urgent recommendations for gender-sensitive reforms, digitized court processes, and alternative sentencing to align practices with human rights standards and reduce overcrowding.
Spatial Variations in Inflation Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of Food and General Consumer Price Indices Across Nigerian States (January 2023–January 2024) Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo; Ajao, Olutunde Michael; Igbobie, Emeka Joseph
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.7068

Abstract

This study investigates spatial variations in inflation dynamics across Nigerian states between January 2023 and January 2024, with emphasis on food and general Consumer Price Indices (CPI). Drawing on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the analysis applies descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Moran’s I spatial techniques to uncover regional disparities. Results indicate that food inflation (30.65%) consistently exceeded general inflation (25.88%), with states such as Kogi and Imo experiencing the widest gaps, largely attributable to supply chain inefficiencies and agricultural disruptions. Spatial clustering revealed distinct inflationary patterns, with high-inflation zones concentrated in the South-East and relatively lower inflation in the North-East, influenced by insecurity and infrastructure deficits. These findings underscore the need for region-specific policy measures that address structural drivers of inflation, particularly through targeted interventions in food security, supply chain resilience, and infrastructure development, in order to mitigate inflation’s socioeconomic impacts and promote economic stability.
Co-Authors Aina, Oluwaseun Ayomikun Augustine, Chinenmerem Darlington Ayenigba, Alfred Ayo Igbobie, Emeka Joseph