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This Author published in this journals
All Journal The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Bulkis Natsir
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Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and The Risk of Tuberculosis Sri Rahmayanti Limatahu; Darariani Iskandar; Bulkis Natsir
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 13 No. 7 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/pf3ta382

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major comorbidity that increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) through immune system impairment caused by chronic hyperglycemia, including macrophage dysfunction, reduced T-cell activity, oxidative stress, and cytokine imbalance. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between T2DM and TB from the perspectives of pathophysiology, clinical impact, and healthcare system challenges. The method used is a descriptive narrative based on 10 scientific articles and case reports published between 2020 and 2025, selected through systematic searching. The results show that T2DM contributes to an increased risk of active TB, prolonged treatment duration, lower treatment success rates, and a higher risk of drug resistance. Behavioral factors such as poor glycemic control, smoking habits, and limited access to healthcare further worsen the condition of patients with this comorbidity. On the other hand, bidirectional TB-DM screening efforts in Indonesia have not been optimal due to limitations in training, infrastructure, and inter-program coordination. In conclusion, T2DM increases susceptibility to TB and worsens its progression, highlighting the need for integrated healthcare services, strict blood glucose control, and systemic policy interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this comorbidity.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OFE-CIGARETTE OR VAPING USE–ASSOCIATED LUNG INJURY (EVALI) A.Muh. Nasywan Akbar; Edward Pandu Wiriansyah; Bulkis Natsir
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/ddfggw32

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been the most commonly used tobacco products among young people since 2014. E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid to produce an aerosol containing various active chemical substances. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical manifestations of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury (EVALI). The study was conducted by collecting secondary data from multiple research journals published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that EVALI is a lung disease associated with the use of e-cigarettes or vaping products. The clinical manifestations of EVALI are heterogeneous but commonly include respiratory symptoms, constitutional symptoms (such as fever and fatigue), and gastrointestinal symptoms. EVALI is caused by exposure to chemical substances contained in vaping products, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), nicotine, and other additives. During the epidemic period, EVALI management has not yet had standardized guidelines regarding dosing and treatment stratification. The management of EVALI is divided into non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. The complexity of diagnostic procedures required for EVALI results in most diagnosed patients being hospitalized, with oxygen saturation levels below 95% at the time of hospital admission.
Co-Authors A.Muh. Nasywan Akbar Darariani Iskandar Edward Pandu Wiriansyah Sri Rahmayanti Limatahu