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Ocular Features in Patients with Ocular Tuberculosis Nabil Bahran; Nur Aulia; Pither Sandy; Edward Pandu Wiriansyah; Ratih Natasha Maharani
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 13 No. 6 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/v6q0cy55

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health problem, infecting millions of people each year and being one of the deadliest infectious diseases. The term ocular tuberculosis describes an infection by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis species that can affect any part of the eye (intraocular, superficial, or surrounding the eye), with or without systemic involvement. Objective: To review the ocular features in patients with ocular tuberculosis through a review of current literature. Methods: This study is a narrative review of 7 scientific articles published between 2020–2025, with searches conducted through Google Scholar, PubMed, and other databases using the keywords "ocular" and "ocular tuberculosis". Results: Most articles (6 out of 7) showed anterior segment features in ocular tuberculosis. Conclusion: There are several ocular features in patients with ocular tuberculosis, found on anterior segment examination, fundoscopy, and related to vision, history of TB in ocular TB, and history of TB treatment in ocular TB.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OFE-CIGARETTE OR VAPING USE–ASSOCIATED LUNG INJURY (EVALI) A.Muh. Nasywan Akbar; Edward Pandu Wiriansyah; Bulkis Natsir
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/ddfggw32

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been the most commonly used tobacco products among young people since 2014. E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid to produce an aerosol containing various active chemical substances. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical manifestations of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury (EVALI). The study was conducted by collecting secondary data from multiple research journals published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that EVALI is a lung disease associated with the use of e-cigarettes or vaping products. The clinical manifestations of EVALI are heterogeneous but commonly include respiratory symptoms, constitutional symptoms (such as fever and fatigue), and gastrointestinal symptoms. EVALI is caused by exposure to chemical substances contained in vaping products, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), nicotine, and other additives. During the epidemic period, EVALI management has not yet had standardized guidelines regarding dosing and treatment stratification. The management of EVALI is divided into non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. The complexity of diagnostic procedures required for EVALI results in most diagnosed patients being hospitalized, with oxygen saturation levels below 95% at the time of hospital admission.