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Yasmin, Delviega Aisyah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering Environmental Science

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Kladistik Genera Famili Leiognathidae melalui Penelusuran Morfologi Eksternal dan Otolith: Cladistic Genera of Family Leiognathidae Based on External Morphology and Otolith Samuel, Pratama Diffi; Wiadnya, Dewa Gede Raka; Anam, M. Choirul; Setyanto, Arief; Khamidah, Nur; Yasmin, Delviega Aisyah; Astuti , Septiana Sri
JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JFMR on March
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.01.15

Abstract

Anggota famili Leiognathidae atau Peperek termasuk dalam kategori minor commercial, berfungsi sebagai komoditas ketahanan pangan sehingga kurang mendapat perhatian untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hipotesis penemuan seluruh genera dari Leiognathidae pada perairan Pantai Jawa Timur. Sampel ikan dikoleksi dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan alat penangkapan ikan; Jaring Tarik, Cantrang, dan Mini-Trawl dari Januari 2023 sampai Oktober 2024. Analisis genus dilakukan melalui deskripsi morfologi eksternal, morfometri, dan penyelidikan otolith. Studi otolith dilakukan melalui koleksi sagittae dari tulang telinga di belakang otak. Analisis morfometri untuk memperjelas definisi bentuk tubuh menggunakan perangkat lunak TpsDig. Total 12 variabel morfologi digunakan untuk menjelaskan masing-masing kerabat pada genus. Sementara deskripsi otolith dianalisis dengan menggunakan 15 variabel bentuk, cekungan, dan tonjolan dari otolith. Dendogram dihasilkan dari analisis morfologi dan otolith untuk memisahkan kekerabatan di antara genus. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa terdeskripsi total 10 genera dari famili Leiognathidae yaitu; Leiognathus, Aurigequula, Eubleekeria, Photopectoralis, Nuchequula, Karalla, Gazza, Deveximentum, Equulites, dan Photolateralis. Genus Gazza ditemukan pada seluruh lokasi sampling. Namun genus Karalla hanya ditemukan pada lokasi sampling di Selatan Barat Jawa Timur (Pantai Dangkal Pacitan, dan Prigi Trenggalek). Hasil analisis dendogram berhasil menempatkan Equulites satu kerabat dengan Photolateralis, namun tidak berhasil memisahkan antara Leiognathinae dengan Gazzinae. Sebaliknya, analisis menggunakan morfologi otolith tidak berhasil menempatkan Equulites satu kelompok dengan Photolateralis, namun bisa memisahkan antara sub famili Leiognathinae dengan Gazzinae. Kondisi lingkungan geografis mungkin menjadi faktor utama terjadinya adaptasi morfologi eksternal dan otolith yang berbeda. Deskripsi morfologi dan otolith bisa digunakan sebagai indikator apomorfi genus. Analisis genetik melalui DNA barcoding masih diperlukan untuk menelusuri kekerabatan diantara genus.   Members of family Leiognathidae are included in the minor commercial category, functioning as a food security commodity so that they have received less attention for research. The study aims to prove the hypothesis of the discovery of all genera of Leiognathidae within coastal waters of East Java. Fish samples were collected from the catches of fishermen using fishing gear; Beach Seine, modified Danish Seine, and Mini-Trawl, from January 2023 to October 2024. Genera analysis was carried out through external morphological descriptions, morphometry, and otolith investigations. Otoliths were collection of sagittae from the ear bones behind the brain. Morphometric analysis to clarify the definition of body shape were using TpsDig software. A total of 12 morphological variables were used to describe each genus within family. While the otolith description was analyzed using 15 variables of shape, depression, and protrusion of the otolith. Each dendrogram was generated from morphological and otolith analysis to separate the clade among genera. The results of the analysis proved that all 10 genera of Leiognathidae were described, consisting of: Leiognathus, Aurigequula, Eubleekeria, Photopectoralis, Nuchequula, Karalla, Gazza, Deveximentum, Equulites, and Photolateralis. The genus Gazza was found in all sampling locations. However, the genus Karalla was only described in two sampling locations in Southwest of East Java (Pantai Dangkal Pacitan, and Prigi Trenggalek). The results of dendogram analysis succeeded in placing Equulites in the same clade as Photolateralis, but failed to separate Leiognathinae from Gazzinae. On the other hand, the analysis using otolith morphology failed to place Equulites in the same group as Photolateralis, but could separate Leiognathinae from Gazzinae. Geographical barriers and environmental factors might be the main factor in the occurrence of different morphological and otolith adaptations. Genera can be distinguished through external morphology and otolith description. Genetic analysis through DNA barcoding is still needed to trace the lineage among genera of Leiognathidae.
Penelusuran Trait Morfologi Spesies pada Genus Panulirus (Famili: Palinuridae): Species Morphological Trait Search in the Genus Panulirus (Family: Palinuridae) Samuel, Pratama Diffi; Wiadnya, Dewa Gede Raka; Yasmin, Delviega Aisyah; Khamidah, Nur; Anam, M. Choirul; Setyanto, Arief
JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): JFMR on November
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.03.2

Abstract

Panulirus (White, 1847) dari famili Palinuridae merupakan komoditas lobster bernilai ekonomi tinggi secara global dan nasional. Di Indonesia telah teridentifikasi delapan spesies Panulirus, namun kajian morfologi–morfometri di Jawa Timur masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan karakter morfologi eksternal dan morfometri enam spesies Panulirus di Jawa Timur. Dua puluh individu dari tiga lokasi (PPN. Prigi/Kab. Trenggalek, PP Paciran/Kab. Lamongan, dan Kab. Situbondo) dianalisis menggunakan karakter diagnostik antennular plate dan abdominal somites, serta tiga ukuran morfometri: panjang karapas/KRP (cm), antennular plate/ANT (mm), dan flagela/FLG (mm). Hasilnya, teridentifikasi enam spesies: P. homarus, P. longipes, P. ornatus, P. penicillatus, P. polyphagus, dan P. versicolor. Komposisi spesies per lokasi ialah: Kab. Trenggalek 5 spesies, Kab. Lamongan 1 spesies (P. polyphagus), dan Kab. Situbondo 2 spesies (P. ornatus dan P. homarus). Rata-rata KRP per lokasi menunjukkan Lamongan 8,44 ± 1,11 cm (n=5), Situbondo 7,12 ± 4,29 cm (n=5), dan Trenggalek 6,28 ± 1,85 cm (n=10). Pengelompokan UPGMA atas karakter morfologi menghasilkan dua pasangan yang berdekatan secara fenetik (P. longipes–P. versicolor; P. ornatus–P. homarus), sementara P. polyphagus dan P. penicillatus relatif terpisah. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan catatan awal yang menekankan karakter diagnostik; integrasi dengan data genetik pada sampel yang lebih besar diperlukan untuk menguji kesesuaian pola fenetik dengan garis keturunan evolusioner serta untuk mendukung pengelolaan sumber daya lobster secara berkelanjutan.   Spiny lobsters of the genus Panulirus (White, 1847; family Palinuridae) are high-value fisheries commodities globally and nationally. In Indonesia, eight Panulirus species have been documented, yet morphology–morphometrics for East Java remain limited. This study describes external morphological characters and morphometrics for six Panulirus species from East Java. Twenty individuals from three sites—PPN Prigi (Trenggalek Regency), PP Paciran (Lamongan Regency), and Situbondo Regency—were examined using diagnostic features of the antennular plate and abdominal somites, together with three morphometric measurements: carapace length (KRP, cm), antennular length (ANT, mm), and antennal flagellum length (FLG, mm). Six species were identified: P. homarus, P. longipes, P. ornatus, P. penicillatus, P. polyphagus, and P. versicolor. Species composition by site was: Trenggalek, five species; Lamongan, one species (P. polyphagus); and Situbondo, two species (P. ornatus and P. homarus). Mean KRP by site was 8.44 ± 1.11 cm (Lamongan, n = 5), 7.12 ± 4.29 cm (Situbondo, n = 5), and 6.28 ± 1.85 cm (Trenggalek, n = 10). UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) clustering of external characters resolved two phenetically close pairs (P. longipes–P. versicolor; P. ornatus–P. homarus), whereas P. polyphagus and P. penicillatus were relatively isolated. These results constitute a preliminary note emphasizing diagnostic characters; larger, spatially replicated samples and integration with genetic data are needed to test the congruence between phenetic patterns and evolutionary lineages and to support sustainable lobster management.
Pola Musim Penangkapan Ikan Pelagis: Studi Kasus Armada Perahu Sekoci dan Slerek di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Pondokdadap: Seasonal Patterns of Pelagic Fish Fisheries: A Case Study of the Sekoci and Slerek Fishing Fleets at Pondokdadap Coastal Fishing Port Anam, M. Choirul; Khamidah, Nur; Yasmin, Delviega Aisyah; Harlyan, Ledhyane Ika; Marhendra, Agung Pramana Warih; Wiadnya, Dewa Gede Raka
JFMR-Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): JFMR on March
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2026.010.01.9

Abstract

Musim penangkapan ikan didefinisikan sebagai waktu-waktu dalam setahun di mana aktivitas penangkapan bisa menghasilkan ikan target secara optimal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk (1) analisis musim penangkapan terhadap ikan target dari armada perikanan Sekoci (pancing) dengan armada Slerek (purse seine), dan (2) analisis produksi hasil tangkapan nelayan yang beroperasi pada musim barat yang oleh sebagian besar nelayan dianggap sebagai musim paceklik. Penelitian dilakukan pada PPP Pondokdadap pada armada Sekoci dan Slerek. Data hasil tangkapan harian yang diagregasi menjadi bulanan dari kedua armada dikumpulkan dari Januari 2021 sampai Desember 2024. Jenis ikan hasil tangkapan diidentifikasi menggunakan panduan penciri morfologis. CPUE dihitung sebagai hasil pendaratan (kg) per jumlah trip pendaratan (landing trips) dan dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Musim Penangkapan (IMP) berbasis rata-rata bergerak (moving average) terhadap CPUE bulanan. Perbedaan rata-rata CPUE antar bulan diuji menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil analisis mendapatkan bahwa hasil tangkapan utama dari armada Sekoci ialah tuna oseanik, (madidihang, mata besar, albakora, dan sirip biru), baby tuna dan cakalang dengan ikan non-target (by-catch) marlin (setuhuk/layaran) dan lemadang. Armada Slerek menargetkan ikan pelagis kecil (lemuru dan layang), baby tuna, cakalang, dan tongkol. IMP mengindikasikan bahwa puncak musim relatif terhadap tuna oseanik beserta ikan non-target seperti marlin dan lemadang terjadi pada musim timur (April–September), sedangkan lemuru, layang, baby tuna, dan cakalang cenderung meningkat pada musim barat. Total armada Sekoci yang beroperasi selama musim barat hanya mencapai 5±2,3% dari total armada aktif yang beroperasi, kurang dari setengah armada Slerek (13±1,9%) yang beroperasi selama musim yang sama. IMP menunjukkan kecenderungan musiman relatif, meskipun uji beda rata-rata CPUE antar bulan tidak signifikan (p>0,05) baik pada armada Sekoci maupun Slerek. Tingginya armada Slerek yang beroperasi pada musim barat berhubungan dengan wilayah operasi yang lebih dekat dengan pantai (di dalam wilayah 12 mil), sebaliknya, armada Sekoci melakukan operasi lebih jauh (> 12 mil) dengan mentargetkan tuna oseanik.   Fishing seasons are defined as periods within a year when fishing activities can optimally produce the target catch. This study aims to (1) analyze the fishing seasonality of target species for the Sekoci fleet (handline) in comparison with the Slerek fleet (purse seine), and (2) assess catch production from fishers operating during the west monsoon, which most fishers consider the lean season. The study was conducted at Pondokdadap Coastal Fishing Port (PPP Pondokdadap) focusing on the Sekoci and Slerek fleets. Daily landing records aggregated into monthly data were collected from January 2021 to December 2024. Landed species were identified using morphological identification guides. CPUE was calculated as landed catch (kg) per number of landing trips and analyzed using a Fishing Season Index (FSI/IMP) based on a moving average of monthly CPUE. Differences in mean monthly CPUE were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the Sekoci fleet’s main catches are oceanic tunas (yellowfin, bigeye, albacore, and bluefin), baby tuna, and skipjack, with non-target by-catches of marlins (sailfish/spearfish) and dolphinfish. The Slerek fleet targets small pelagic fish (sardines and scads), as well as baby tuna, skipjack, and mackerel tuna. The FSI indicates a relative peak season for oceanic tunas and the non-target by-catches (marlins and dolphinfish) during the east monsoon (April–September), whereas sardines, scads, baby tuna, and skipjack tend to increase during the west monsoon. During the west monsoon, the proportion of operating Sekoci vessels averaged 5±2.3% of the active fleet, less than half that of the Slerek fleet (13±1.9%) operating in the same season. The FSI captures relative seasonal tendencies, although differences in mean monthly CPUE were not statistically significant (p>0.05) for either fleet. The higher proportion of Slerek vessels operating during the west monsoon is associated with their nearshore fishing grounds (within 12 nautical miles) and primary target species (sardines, scads, baby tuna, and skipjack). In contrast, the Sekoci fleet-which primarily targets oceanic tunas-is more active during the east monsoon.
Co-Authors Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra, Agung Pramana Warih Anam, M. Choirul Arief Setyanto Astuti , Septiana Sri Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya Ledhyane Ika Harlyan Nur Khamidah Samuel, Pratama Diffi