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All Journal Gravity : Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Fisika INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
Chamidah, Ninik
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Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Analysis of heavy metal content (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Hg) on refilled drinking water in Malang City based on atomic absorption spectroscopy using the PCA method Tazi, Imam; Margareta, Silvi Nadya; Chamidah, Ninik; Muthmainnah, Muthmainnah; Sasmitaninghidayah, Wiwis; Nadliriyah, Naqiibatin
Gravity : Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Fisika Vol 11, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30870/gravity.v11i1.28618

Abstract

Refillable drinking water was chosen as an alternative to bottled drinking water because the price is cheaper. Drinking water has benefits for the body, but if the levels of heavy metals contained exceed the Ministry of Health's standards, it will have a negative impact on body health. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the quality of refillable drinking water in terms of heavy metal levels. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to test the levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Hg) in the samples. Research data shows that refill drinking water samples A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 contain heavy metals at levels that exceed the Ministry of Health's standards. PC1 and PC2 have the highest eigenvalues, with a proportion of PC1 of 60.86% and PC2 of 22.69%. The two PCs have a cumulative proportion of 83.55% and are considered capable of representing the entire data. PCA method was used to identify patterns and group samples based on heavy metal content, with PC1 and PC2 reflecting 83.55% of the data variability. Pb and Cd are the variables that have the longest resultant lines, which shows that these two variables have a large contribution to the formation of new variables. The three secondary data samples, namely A6, A7, and A8, are control samples because their quality is good. Refill drinking water samples that are almost close to control are samples A1, A4, and A5, while samples A2 and A3 are far from control. The further the sample is from the control, the lower the quality. The results of this study highlight the need for strict supervision of refillable drinking water depots and the implementation of more effective purification methods to reduce heavy metal content exceeding health standards.
Optimizing Formalin Detection in Fish Using QCM Sensors with TOMAC Membrane Coatings for Product Quality Monitoring Muthmainnah, Muthmainnah; Aini, Khoirul; Tazi, Imam; Chamidah, Ninik; Kusairi, Kusairi
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v14i2.92912

Abstract

Detection of formalin in fishery products is a significant concern in the food industry to ensure consumer safety. This study compared the performance of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors without a membrane and with a Trioctyl methyl ammonium Chloride (TOMAC) membrane coating in detecting formalin in fish samples. The research findings indicate that QCM without a membrane for formalin samples has a lower detection limit of 150 ppm and an upper detection limit of 350 ppm with a sensitivity of 2194.171 Hz/ppm. On the other hand, QCM with a TOMAC membrane coating has a lower detection limit of 400 ppm and an upper detection limit of 550 ppm with a sensitivity of 842.7551 Hz/ppm. Meanwhile, QCM without a membrane for formalin in fish samples has a lower detection limit of 450 ppm and an upper detection limit of 650 ppm with a sensitivity of 15386.38 Hz/ppm. At the same time, QCM with a TOMAC membrane coating for formalin in fish samples has a lower detection limit of 350 ppm and an upper detection limit of 500 ppm with a sensitivity of 23108.9 Hz/ppm. Response time analysis shows that both sensors reach a steady state condition after 12 seconds. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate sensors for detecting formalin in fishery products, considering detection limits, sensitivity, and response time as crucial criteria. Thus, these findings can guide the fisheries industry in choosing effective and accurate formalin detection technology.
Co-Authors Aini, Khoirul Imam Tazi kusairi kusairi, kusairi Margareta, Silvi Nadya Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Naqiibatin Nadliriyah Wiwis Sasmitaninghidayah