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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA)
Rhea Alvita, Livia
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science

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Analysis of Process Variables Effect on The Efficiency of Soxhletation Extraction of Larvae Oil (Hermetica illucens) using Response Surface Methodology Fitria, Murni; Rhea Alvita, Livia; Ariski Putra, Feby; Variyana, Yeni; Hanifah, Windia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol8.iss1.art7

Abstract

Maggot or Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae can be used as a source of oil because they have a high lipid content. In this study, the maggot oil extraction process was optimised using the soxhlet method with the assistance of the response surface methodology (RSM) using the Central Composite Design (CCD) research design. Optimization was carried out with variations in the ratio: solvent (1: 7, 1: 10 and 1: 13 g/mL) and extraction time (120, 240 and 360 minutes). The results of the significance test using ANOVA showed that the sample solvent comparison had an insignificant effect (p-value: 0.060). In contrast, the extraction time had a significant effect (p-value: 0.000) on the maggot oil harvest yield. The results of different analyses showed a significant quadratic interaction between the sample solvent comparison (p-value: 0.002) and a significant interaction between the sample solvent comparison and extraction time (p-value: 0.008). The recommended optimal conditions based on optimization using RSM are a combination of a sample solvent ratio of 1:8.5 and an extraction time of 360 minutes with a predicted oil yield of 32.11%. Meanwhile, experimental validation at the recommended optimal conditions produced a yield of 38.68% or greater than the predicted value. The characteristics of the maggot oil obtained had a density of 0.9493 g/mL, a viscosity of 0.92 Pa.s, an air content of 0.0847% w/w, and free fatty acids of 4.56%. The results of GC-MS analysis of maggot oil showed a total of 9 compounds, with the 3 most abundant compounds being oleic acid (52.6%), palmitic acid (24.78%), and lauric acid (12.45%).
Enhancement of Pineapple Industrial Waste Delignification Through the Effect of Microwave Irradiation Duration with Alkali Assistance. Rhea Alvita, Livia; Elsyana, Vida; Hidayat, Rahmat; Saputra, Anggi; Variyana, Yeni; Rustiawan Jody, Rafli
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol9.iss1.art8

Abstract

Delignification is an important step for removing lignin, increasing the accessibility of cellulose and hemicellulose for various industrial applications. This study investigated the effect of microwave irradiation duration on the alkaline-assisted delignification of pineapple peel waste using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with irradiation times of 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes at a constant power of 45 W. Compositional analysis was performed using the Chesson–Datta method, while structural and chemical modifications were evaluated through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that increasing irradiation time significantly improved delignification efficiency (P < 0.05), with the highest lignin reduction of 57.6% achieved at 45 minutes, accompanied by increases in cellulose and hemicellulose contents of 62.79% and 55.8%, respectively. FTIR spectra confirmed the removal of lignin through the reduction of characteristic functional group intensities. Moreover, SEM analysis revealed pronounced structural disruption, increased surface irregularity, and enhanced porosity after treatment, indicating effective breakdown of the lignocellulosic matrix and improved exposure of cellulose fibers. These findings demonstrate that microwave-assisted alkaline treatment is a promising approach for enhancing the valorization of pineapple industry waste.
Co-Authors anggi saputra Ariski Putra, Feby Elsyana, Vida Fitria, Murni Hanifah, Windia Rahmat Hidayat Rustiawan Jody, Rafli Variyana, Yeni