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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Nabila, Aghnia
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Metode Analisis dalam Mengungkap Komposisi Perisa Buah E-Liquid Rokok Elektrik: Sebuah Tinjauan Nabila, Aghnia; Yuwono, Mochammad; Ma'ruf, Mochammad Taha; Zulni, Shalsa Septia
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.11099

Abstract

The use of e-cigarettes is increasing, one of which is due to fruit-flavored e-liquids. The chemical compounds that make up these flavors play a role in providing flavor characteristics, but if inhaled, they can potentially negatively affect health. Understanding what chemical compounds are found in e-liquid flavors is very important to determine the toxicity effects of e-cigarettes. This article aimed to review the analytical methods that had been carried out by previous studies in identifying e-liquid flavor compounds. Literature was collected through searches in reputable scientific databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords. From the initial search, 35 relevant articles were found and then selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 10 articles for further analysis. The selected literature consisted of research focusing on chromatographic methods, specifically Gas Chromatography (GC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC). Further developments, such as the combination of GC with Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), as well as LC with MS/MS and Electrospray Ionization (ESI), were shown to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. These findings emphasize the importance of choosing the right analytical method for the compounds to be identified. The results also discuss the advantages and challenges, which can guide in choosing the right analytical method to promote the development of better safety standards.
Flavoring Compounds in e-Liquids Identified by GC-MS: Chemical Insights and Respiratory Toxicity Zulni, Shalsa Septia; Yuwono, Mochammad; Putri, Rury Eryna; Nabila, Aghnia; Fathoni, Rachmadi Azhar
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i1.1927

Abstract

The use of e-cigarettes has surged as an alternative to conventional smoking, with e-liquids containing various flavoring chemicals that enhance user experience. However, these flavoring compounds may pose significant health risks when inhaled. This study systematically reviews the chemical composition of e-liquid flavorings identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A comprehensive literature review was conducted, sourcing articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect published within the last decade. The review focuses on identifying chemical compounds in various e-liquid flavors such as vanilla, bubble gum, coffee, tobacco, strawberry, lemon, and cannabis. Key compounds identified include vanillin, ethyl maltol, cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and limonene, which contribute to flavor profiles but may also have adverse respiratory effects. Thermal degradation of these compounds can result in the formation of harmful carbonyl compounds like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, both classified as carcinogens. Furthermore, nicotine, a major component in e-liquids, increases the risk of addiction and psychological disorders. This review underscores the need for strict regulations on e-liquid flavoring agents and further research on the long-term effects of inhaling these substances. It also highlights the importance of public awareness regarding the potential respiratory toxicity associated with e-liquids and vaping.
Co-Authors Fathoni, Rachmadi Azhar Mochammad Taha Ma’ruf Mochammad Yuwono Rury Eryna Putri Zulni, Shalsa Septia