Musab Isah
University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia

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Exploring Mate Selection Preferences in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study for Instrument Development in Non-formal Education Contexts Mira Ariyani; Lussy Dwiutami Wahyuni; Fildzah Rudyah Putri; Kurniati Kurniati; Musab Isah
Journal of Nonformal Education Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): Community education and lifelong education
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jone.v11i1.12147

Abstract

Background: Mate selection preferences is an evaluation process that aims to find a partner who is considered potential for someone. This study was inspired by Buss and Barnes' study regarding mate selection preferences, as well as Hinkin, Tracey, and Enz's study regarding the seven stages of scale development and analysis; to investigate Indonesians’ mate selection preferences. Research objectives: This study was considered as a replication research for Indonesia context to verify the prior results’ consistency and accuracy of research on mate selection preferences inspired by Buss and Barnes as well as to develop an instrument of mate selection preferences for Indonesians. Research methods: This study used three stages --out of seven stages-- of scale development and analysis by Hinkin, Tracey, and Enz as an early investigation. The first stage is item generation using a qualitative approach with a total of 47 participants aged over 17 years were divided into four focus groups as data collection method and thematic analysis as its analysis method. The second stage is content adequacy assessment using quantitative approach with eleven experts to assess generated items from the first stage. The eleven experts consisted of measurement experts, psychometricians, psychologists, developmental and family psychology lecturers or scientists. The third stage is questionnaire administration for determining the scale for items and an adequate sample size. The questionnaires using rank order scale were distributed online for 423 respondents.  Research findings: The finding of the first stage was 33 themes of mate selection preferences, including same religion, ethnicity consideration, family blessing, attractive physical appearance, mentally and physically healthy, as item generation. The result from the second stage was the validation from experts, resulted in 22 characteristics with a validation range of 0.345 – 0.831 and a good category of reliability of 0.898. The result from the third stage was the order of preference for choosing a partner, was obtained by placing the characteristic of same religion as the first order. Research conclusions: The results of the first three stages in this research can be used as a starting point to understand how Indonesians select partners who are influenced by characteristics of same religion, cultural or ethnicity considerations, and family blessing. The same religion was ranked first in the order of mate selection preferences. This study then should be continued to the next four stages of instrument development in order to create a final scale of Indonesians’ mate selection preferences. Research novelty: The unveiling of Indonesians mate selection preferences as an early investigation introduces the “richness” and the wisdom of Indonesian cultures in marriage as well as appreciation and understanding of how marriages in Indonesia are bound by religions, cultures or ethnicity, and family values. It also informs the complexity of how to find an ideal partner. However, this study is practically can be used to non-formally educate Indonesian people as well as foreigners to understand how Indonesians select partners.
Community-Based Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Productive Digital Literacy in Non-Formal Education: A Participatory Framework Study Multazam Multazam; Ahmad Miftahudin; Darul Qutni; Elfi Rimayati; Musab Isah
Journal of Nonformal Education Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Community Education, Adult Education and Community Empowerment
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jone.v12i2.58666

Abstract

Background The diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has expanded the opportunities for personalization and learning analytics. However, much of the discourse is still centered on formal education and commercial education technology, while non-formal education and lifelong learning in local communities have not received adequate attention. Purpose This article aims to develop and analyze a Community-Based Artificial Intelligence (Community-Based AI/Cb-AI) framework that integrates the improvement of productive digital literacy for learners in non-formal educational institutions, especially Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM) and Learning Activity Studios (SKB). Method This study uses a systematic literature study approach combined with conceptual framework analysis from two research tracks: (1) a community-based AI framework through participatory action research, and (2) a project-based learning model (PjBL) for increasing productive digital literacy in non-formal education settings. Findings The results of the study resulted in a Cb-AI-PjBL framework consisting of four pillars: (1) community-curated local knowledge repositories, (2) culturally responsive adaptive learning pathways, (3) multimodal access and digital literacy bridges, and (4) participatory governance and ethical oversight of AI. The integration of PjBL in this framework has proven to be effective in increasing productive digital literacy with an average increase of 25.4% in field trials. Conclusion The Cb-AI-PjBL framework offers an alternative paradigm to the centralized education AI model by positioning the community as the owner of knowledge, the learner as the co-designer, and the AI as a tool that must be democratically managed. This framework is relevant to strengthen the role of PKBM and SKB as transformative spaces in Indonesia's non-formal education ecosystem. Novelty The novelty of this article lies in the development  of the integrated framework Cb-AI-PjBL (Community-Based AI for Productive Digital Literacy through Project-Based Learning) which for the first time combines the four pillars of community-based AI—local knowledge repositories, culturally responsive adaptive pathways, multimodal access, and participatory governance—with Project-Based Learning as a connecting pedagogical mechanism, specifically for the context of non-formal education (PKBM/SKB) in Indonesia.