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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi dan Rekayasa Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems
Ethys Pranoto
Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan
Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Pengaruh variasi laju kendaraan dan beban muatan terhadap karakteristik emisi gas buang mesin diesel Kurniawan Dwi Alfiyan; Ethys Pranoto; Riza Pahlevi Marwanto
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi dan Rekayasa Vol. 31 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gunadarma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35760/tr.2026.v31i1.144

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of variations in vehicle speed and payload on exhaust gas emission characteristics as well as combustion behavior in a diesel engine. Tests were conducted on a pickup vehicle with speed variations of 20, 30, 40, and 50 km/h and payloads of 0 kg, 587 kg, and 700 kg. The emission parameters analyzed include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and smoke opacity, measured using a gas analyzer and smoke tester. The results show that increases in vehicle speed and load indicate a tendency in the combustion process from relatively stable conditions toward incomplete combustion, as indicated by significant increases in CO, HC, and opacity. The observed findings suggest a tendency toward over-fueling conditions at high loads, where increased fuel supply is not matched by adequate air supply in a naturally aspirated diesel engine, resulting in locally rich zones within the combustion chamber. This condition reduces combustion quality and increases the formation of incomplete oxidation products. The increase in CO₂ emissions reflects higher fuel consumption due to greater power demand, but does not necessarily indicate improved combustion efficiency. Meanwhile, relatively stable O₂ levels suggest that combustion inefficiency may be influenced by limitations in air–fuel mixing and reaction time, rather than a global oxygen deficiency. These results indicate an indirect decrease in energy conversion efficiency and an increase in pollutant emissions. Therefore, controlling vehicle operating conditions is important to improve energy efficiency and reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions.
Design and Build an Intelligent Vehicle Access System Using Face Recognition and RFID-Based E-SIM Viky Dwi Nugraha; M Iman Nur Hakim; Ethys Pranoto; Faris Humami
Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems Vol 7 No 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59562/jessi.v7i1.2617

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to design and develop an intelligent vehicle access system that enhances security through a two-factor authentication mechanism integrating face recognition and RFID-based electronic driver identification (E-SIM). Design/methods/approach – The research adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach, including system design, implementation, and evaluation. The system is built on a Raspberry Pi 4 platform and integrates face recognition using the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) method with RFID UID verification. Additional features include GPS-based tracking and Telegram-based real-time notifications. Performance evaluation is conducted using confusion matrix metrics and experimental testing under varying environmental conditions. Findings – The proposed system achieves 95% accuracy, 95.92% precision, 94% recall, and an F1-score of 94.95%. The system demonstrates good performance in preventing unauthorized access, with only two false acceptance cases. Performance remains stable under moderate lighting and short distances but decreases under low illumination and longer distances. The GPS module provides reliable tracking with an average positioning error of approximately 5.06 meters. In terms of real-time performance, the system exhibits an average latency of approximately 6.84 seconds per authentication cycle, which remains acceptable for practical vehicle access applications. Research implications/limitations – The system demonstrates strong performance as a functional prototype; however, it remains vulnerable to face spoofing and RFID cloning due to the absence of liveness detection and encrypted communication. Environmental factors such as lighting and distance also affect recognition accuracy. Originality/value – This study contributes by integrating biometric and possession-based authentication within a standalone embedded system, enhanced with IoT features for real-time monitoring. Unlike prior single-factor approaches, the proposed system improves security robustness while maintaining practical usability.
Co-Authors Faris Humami Kurniawan Dwi Alfiyan M Iman Nur Hakim Riza Pahlevi Marwanto Viky Dwi Nugraha