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All Journal Journal of Mandalika Literature Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara
Kristiane Paendong
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Punggutan Liar yang Dilakukan oleh Oknum Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Syahbandar Cindi M.M Rantung; Jili Tesa Madira; Joice Umboh; Joke Punuhsingon; Kristiane Paendong
Journal of Mandalika Literature Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika (IP2MI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/jml.v6i2.4586

Abstract

Illegal levies or commonly abbreviated as pungli can be interpreted as levies carried out by individuals or officers who are unlawful and violate the rules. Illegal levies are a form of abuse of authority that has the purpose of facilitating affairs or fulfilling the interests of the levy payer. So it can be concluded that pungli involves two or more parties, be it service users or officers who usually make direct contact to carry out secret or overt transactions, where in general pungli that occurs at the field level is carried out briefly and usually in the form of money. The practice of illegal levies does not only occur in the community but also often occurs in government agencies. Therefore, the following research problems can be formulated: 1. How is law enforcement against illegal levy perpetrators carried out by state civil servants (ASN) syahbandar (Bitung Police Case Study)? 2. How is the application of legal sanctions against illegal levy perpetrators carried out by state civil servants (ASN) syahbandar (Bitung Police Case Study)? The author wrote this thesis using research conducted is normative legal research with an Empirical Juridical approach which uses primary data in the form of interviews with investigators at the Bitung Resort Police and is supported by secondary data, namely primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary laws.
Antara Perlindungan dan Risiko: Analisis Normatif terhadap Kerugian Institusional dalam Kontrak LPK–PMI Liony Leontin Mongi; Joice Jane Umboh; Pingkan Dewi Kaunang; Nita C. Ganap; Kristiane Paendong
JURNAL ILMIAH NUSANTARA Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Mei
Publisher : CV. KAMPUS AKADEMIK PUBLISING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61722/jinu.v3i3.9866

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji secara kritis ketimpangan kontraktual dalam perjanjian pra-penempatan antara Lembaga Pelatihan Kerja (LPK) dan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Meskipun kerangka regulasi menitikberatkan pada perlindungan PMI, orientasi tersebut secara tidak langsung menimbulkan blind spot dengan mengabaikan kerentanan hukum dan ekonomi LPK sebagai aktor institusional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis, serta mengintegrasikan teori keadilan kontraktual (Atiyah dan Rawls), analisis ekonomi hukum (Posner), dan teori kontrak relasional (Macneil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian LPK–PMI secara formal memenuhi syarat sah kontrak, namun secara substantif mengalami ketidakseimbangan dan lemahnya daya paksa. Orientasi perlindungan yang berlebihan terhadap PMI menyebabkan distribusi risiko yang tidak proporsional, sehingga LPK menanggung beban finansial tanpa jaminan perlindungan hukum yang memadai. Kondisi ini memicu moral hazard, menurunkan efisiensi ekonomi, serta melemahkan kepercayaan dalam hubungan kontraktual. Selain itu, ketiadaan mekanisme normatif yang jelas terkait penegakan klausul penggantian biaya menunjukkan adanya kekosongan hukum. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan rekonstruksi kerangka hukum dan kontraktual berbasis keseimbangan risiko dan perlindungan proporsional. Diperlukan pergeseran paradigma dari pendekatan protektif yang sepihak menuju pendekatan perlindungan yang seimbang (balanced protection approach), guna menjamin keadilan, efisiensi, dan keberlanjutan sistem penempatan pekerja migran Indonesia.
Co-Authors Cindi M.M Rantung Jili Tesa Madira Joice Jane Umboh Joice Umboh Joke Punuhsingon Liony Leontin Mongi Nita C. Ganap Pingkan Dewi Kaunang