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All Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Pramudya, Thalia Altamilano
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Aerospace Engineering Computer Science & IT Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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The Role of Toxic Leadership and Exclusion in The Workplace Against Intention to Leave Work With Psychological Distress as A Mediator And Gratitude as A Moderator Pramudya, Thalia Altamilano; Rostiana, Rostiana; Budiana, I Made
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v5i2.44792

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of toxic leadership and workplace ostracism on employees' intentions to leave their jobs, with psychological distress as a mediator and gratitude as a moderator. Job turnover intention refers to an employee's desire to permanently quit their job, influenced by factors such as toxic leadership—characterized by authoritarian and unpredictable behavior—and ostracism, where individuals are ignored by colleagues. Both toxic leadership and ostracism can lead to psychological distress, which encompasses stress and emotional discomfort affecting mental well-being. Conversely, high levels of gratitude may mitigate the intention to leave. Utilizing an explanatory research design with a quantitative approach, the study employed five measurement instruments: a turnover intention questionnaire, a toxic leadership questionnaire, a workplace ostracism questionnaire, a psychological distress questionnaire, and a gratitude questionnaire. Conducted across three construction companies in West Jakarta, the study involved a sample of 150 employees. Findings indicate that toxic leadership and ostracism predict employees' turnover intentions, mediated by psychological distress. However, gratitude was not found to moderate the relationship between psychological distress and turnover intention in this model. The research highlights the importance of addressing toxic leadership and ostracism to reduce turnover intentions by developing improved policies and interventions that alleviate psychological distress among employees.
The Relationship Between Smartphone Screen Time Duration and Individual Chronotype: A Systematic Literature Review Lumbantobing, Diego Sergio Giasia; Pramudya, Thalia Altamilano
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The rapid increase in smartphone use over the past decade led to prolonged screen time across age groups, particularly during nighttime hours. Exposure to artificial light and pre-sleep digital activities was associated with circadian rhythm disruption and alterations in individual chronotype. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize empirical evidence on the relationship between smartphone screen time duration and individual chronotype across all age groups and to identify key moderating factors influencing this association. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Articles were screened using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Due to substantial heterogeneity across study designs, populations, and measurement methods, a quantitative–descriptive narrative synthesis was applied. Out of 2,120 identified records, 18 studies met the eligibility criteria. Sixteen studies (88.9%) reported statistically significant associations between longer screen time duration particularly nighttime smartphone use and a greater tendency toward an evening chronotype. The association was strongest and most consistent among adolescents and young adults, whereas weaker or non-significant effects were observed in children and older adults, indicating age as an important biological moderator. Digitally interactive and emotionally stimulating activities, such as social media use and mobile gaming, exerted stronger effects on chronotype shifts than passive screen-based activities. Overall, the findings indicated that the impact of smartphone screen time on chronotype was not uniform but depended on age, type of digital activity, and exposure measurement methods, underscoring the need for targeted, evidence-based digital health interventions.Keywords: Screen time duration, smartphone, chronotype, circadian rhythm, sleep quality
Co-Authors I Made Budiana Lumbantobing, Diego Sergio Giasia Rostiana