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ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST UNFAIR CLAUSES IN SMART CONTRACTS IN INDONESIA Girsang, Fredsly Hendra Sardol; Sijabat, Candra Robasa; Rahmadanti, Siti Mutiah
Law Jurnal Vol 6, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Dharmawangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46576/lj.v6i1.6982

Abstract

The swift advancement of blockchain technology has introduced a transformative innovation known as smart contracts, which are self-enforcing, unchangeable computer programs for agreements. While these contracts offer benefits like efficiency and openness, their inherent qualities present major hurdles for protecting consumers, especially from the risk of inequitable terms being included. This study aims to deeply investigate the strengths and weaknesses of current Indonesian law in offering legal safeguards to consumers who use smart contracts for their transactions. Utilizing a normative juridical methodology with a statutory and conceptual framework, the research reveals several key findings. First, the essential features of smart contracts, most notably their unchangeable and self-enforcing nature, are in direct opposition to the adaptable and justice-focused principles of Indonesian contract law, like the doctrine of good faith. Second, although a foundational level of protection is offered by the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), substantial legal vacuums and difficult enforcement problems persist. Third, the research pinpoints specific ways unfair clauses appear as functions within the code and confirms that applying a purposeful interpretation of current legislation can help lessen their negative effects. In conclusion, this paper asserts the pressing requirement for creating specific legal rules and bolstering institutional supervision, especially by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), to ensure that consumer rights remain protected amidst the evolution of contractual technology.
PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN HUKUM PENCEGAHAN: STUDI PADA PENCEGAH KRISIS PLANET RT 08 RW 04 MALAKA JAYA Supriadi, Taufiq; Girsang, Fredsly Hendra Sardol; Syari, Shinta Kumala; Widyanti, Khairina
Law Jurnal Vol 6, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Dharmawangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46576/lj.v6i2.8283

Abstract

Krisis lingkungan global menuntut pergeseran instrumen hukum dari pendekatan represif ke preventif-edukatif. Penelitian ini menganalisis kedudukan yuridis pendidikan lingkungan dalam UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 (UU PPLH) serta efektivitasnya pada tingkat komunitas melalui metode yuridis-empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik "Pencegah Krisis Planet" di RT 08 Malaka Jaya merupakan implementasi konkret Pasal 65, 67, dan 70 UU PPLH sebagai instrumen pencegahan administratif non-pidana yang efektif mengisi kekosongan hukum (legal gap) di wilayah padat penduduk. Integrasi legalitas Rukun Tetangga sebagai Lembaga Kemasyarakatan, regulasi mikro melalui Blueprint pembangunan, dan transparansi digital terbukti mentransformasi budaya hukum warga menjadi kepatuhan sukarela. Secara empiris, inisiatif mandiri ini berhasil mengelola 6 ton sampah organik per tahun dan mengonservasi air melalui melalui 43 titik biopori, 3 sumur resapan dalam, serta drainase biru-hijau yang terintegrasi. Model ini menghasilkan green returns bagi negara melalui efisiensi biaya pemulihan lingkungan, sehingga perlu direplikasi sebagai strategi mitigasi krisis ekologi di tataran lokal.
Four-Day Workweek in Indonesia’s Big Cities: Urgency and Legal Framework for Flexible Work in Labour Law Reform Ks, Shinta; Girsang, Fredsly Hendra Sardol; Widiyanti, Khairina; Santoso, Sugeng Santoso
Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan Vol 21 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Kebijakan Ketenagakerjaan Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47198/jnaker.v21i1.688

Abstract

This article offers normative input for Indonesia’s ongoing labour-law reform agenda by proposing a legal framework to govern a four-day workweek as part of broader flexible-work regulation. Indonesian working-time norms remain largely anchored in a 40-hour standard, while contemporary work arrangements, particularly hybrid (hibrida) and remote (jarak jauh) work, have heightened risks of working-time spillover, hidden overtime, and blurred boundaries between work and rest. Within this reform context, the study assesses the legal urgency and basis for regulating a four-day workweek and formulates a fair and safe implementation model through a proposal to establish a Flexible Work Chapter within a revised/new Labour Law and its implementing regulations. Using a normative-prescriptive legal method, the research applies statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, supported by desk-based evidence from published evaluations of four-day workweek trials in the UK and Iceland and scholarship on the European right to disconnect. The findings indicate that a four-day workweek may be operationalized through two legal models, compressed workweeks (40 hours/4 days) and reduced-hour workweeks (32–36 hours/4 days), each carrying distinct legal implications and risks, particularly in sectors and urban contexts where working-time control is difficult. Accordingly, safeguards are required, including wage protection, clear overtime limits and approval, transparent working-time recording (including for hybrid/remote arrangements), strengthened Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) and fatigue-risk management, and a right to disconnect framework. The article concludes that a Flexible Work Chapter is necessary to ensure flexibility remains consistent with worker-protection principles and legal certainty in working-time governance.
Perspektif hukum agraria terhadap perlindungan para pihak dalam kontrak pembangunan pipa gas bawah tanah Pangesti, Shinta; Girsang, Fredsly Hendra Sardol; Widyanti, Khairina; Syari, Shinta Kumala
Widya Bhumi Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Widya Bhumi
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/wb.v6i1.287

Abstract

The construction of underground gas pipelines across privately owned land may create legal uncertainty, restrict land use, and trigger compensation disputes when it relies solely on right-of-way agreements without clear minimum standards. This study formulates minimum contractual clauses for right-of-way agreements to protect land-right holders within Indonesia’s agrarian-law framework. Using a normative-juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research examines primary legal materials consisting of the Basic Agrarian Law, the Land Acquisition Law, Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021, Government Regulation Number 19 of 2021, Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation Number 19 of 2021, and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 32 of 2021, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books, journal articles, and references on right-of-way and easement practices. These materials were obtained through library research and document review and analyzed prescriptively. The findings show that minimum clauses should regulate parties’ authority, corridor identification, access scope, land-use restrictions, duration, compensation, liability, restoration, supervision, and dispute resolution. These standards strengthen legal certainty, reduce conflict, and balance private land rights with energy infrastructure needs. Pembangunan pipa gas bawah tanah yang melintasi tanah milik perseorangan dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, membatasi pemanfaatan tanah, dan memicu sengketa kompensasi apabila hanya didasarkan pada perjanjian hak lintas tanpa standar minimum yang jelas. Penelitian ini merumuskan klausul minimum kontrak hak lintas untuk melindungi pemegang hak atas tanah dalam kerangka hukum agraria Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini mengkaji bahan hukum primer yang terdiri atas Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, Undang-Undang Pengadaan Tanah, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2021, Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN Nomor 19 Tahun 2021, dan Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 32 Tahun 2021, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku, artikel jurnal, dan referensi mengenai praktik hak lintas dan easement. Bahan-bahan tersebut diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan penelaahan dokumen, lalu dianalisis secara preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klausul minimum harus mengatur kewenangan para pihak, identifikasi koridor, ruang lingkup akses, pembatasan penggunaan tanah, jangka waktu, kompensasi, tanggung jawab, pemulihan tanah, pengawasan, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Standar ini memperkuat kepastian hukum, mengurangi konflik, dan menyeimbangkan hak atas tanah dengan kebutuhan infrastruktur energi.