Tiwari, Sandhya
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Western psychology and eastern psycho-spirituality in dialogue: A comparative analysis of Freudian structural model of the psyche and Triguna model of the Bhagavad Gita Mandal, Sudeb; Tiwari, Sandhya
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 2 No. 2: (April) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v2i2.2025.1826

Abstract

Background: This article attempts to examine the shared perspectives of Sanatan Psycho-spiritual theory and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory apropos of the construction of human personality. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how a theological text, composed approximately 5,000 years ago, articulates key concepts that exhibit remarkable parallels with modern psychological theories, which are grounded in empirical inquiry and theoretical speculation. By examining these intersections, this study aims to contribute to the development of an interdisciplinary framework, bridging ancient philosophical thought with contemporary psychological discourse and opening new avenues for scholarly exploration. Methods: By examining the concept of Tri-Guna alongside Freudian Structural Model of the Psyche, the study aims to foreground how Eastern and Western paradigms participating in a dialogue can offer complementary understandings of human psychology and psycho-spirituality. Findings: Operating from this perspective, this article uncovers the deeper philosophical and psychological underpinnings common to both Freudian and Satan Psycho-spiritual school of thought, focusing on the concepts of Tamas, Rajas, and Sattva, and their Western equivalents – Id, Ego, and Superego. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of the Bhagavad Gita’s concept of Tri-gunas and Freud’s structural model of the psyche reveals a shared perspective that human personality and behavior are fundamentally shaped by underlying biological constructs. This framework highlights the intricate entanglement of Determinism and Free Will within both schools of thought. Novelty/Originality of this article: By disentangling these connections, this paper proposes to offer new insights into how Eastern and Western thought systems converge in their understanding of human nature, mind and psyche and the pursuit of an equanimous-mind. The comparisons in this article shed light on the intricacy and entanglement between Determinism and Free Will, introducing new coordinates for dialogue between the Western model of the psyche and Eastern psycho-spirituality, fostering a discourse that will deepen our perspectives and contribute to the advancement of psychological scholarship.
Reconstructing character education through the Dharma–Prema curriculum: A perspective on education policy Donder, I Ketut; Tiwari, Sandhya; I Ketut Wardana; Maheswari, Prasanthy Devi; Jero, Ni Wayan Jemiwi
Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science Vol. 3 No. 2: April (2026)
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/ijroms.v3i2.2026.3681

Abstract

Background: This study is motivated by structural problems in the implementation of character education in Indonesia, which tends to be normative and instructional in nature and has not yet deeply addressed the dimension of value internalization. A number of studies indicate that the dominant approach to character education remains oriented toward formal compliance, making it less effective in fostering students’ ethical and affective awareness. In this context, this study aims to reconstruct character education through the Dharma-Prema-Based Love Curriculum as a form of policy intervention that integrates the dimensions of moral duty (dharma) and universal love (prema) within a transformative educational framework. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach using an educational policy analysis design and a descriptive-analytical approach. Data collection techniques involved documentary analysis and phased in-depth interviews, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, thematic categorization, interpretation of meaning, and the drawing of analytical conclusions, emphasizing the interrelationship between policy issues, curriculum design, and their strategic implications. Findings: The research findings indicate that the Dharma-Prema-Based Love Curriculum possesses the conceptual and practical capacity to address the reductionism of character education by holistically integrating cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions. This model strengthens the internalization of values through reflective experiences, ethical practices, and empathetic social relationships, thereby contributing to sustainable character development. Analytically, the research results indicate that the synthesis between dharma and prema provides a stronger normative and practical foundation compared to administrative and fragmentary policy approaches. Conclusion: The study’s conclusion affirms that the reconstruction of character education through the Dharma–Prema Curriculum offers a new strategic direction in Indonesia’s educational policy-one that is more integrative, reflective, and contextual, in supporting human resource development toward Indonesia Emas 2045. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty/originality of this article lies in the development of a curriculum model based on the philosophical synthesis of Dharma–Prema as an educational character policy intervention that systematically connects conceptual, normative, and implementational dimensionsm an approach that has not been extensively studied within the context of national education policy.