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All Journal PINISI Discretion Review International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership
Nurkholis, Uswatun Hasanah
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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Abusive Supervision in Southeast Asia Countries: : A Viewpoint of Trends and Future Research Directions Wirawan, Hillman; Tamar, Muhammad; Nurkholis, Uswatun Hasanah
International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership Volume 6, Number 1, May 2025
Publisher : Har Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51629/ijeamal.v6i1.217

Abstract

This viewpoint article reviews the evolving trends of abusive supervision studies across Southeast Asian countries. This article employs a traditional literature review by synthesizing references from various leading research databases. Abusive supervision is destructive and can cause adverse impacts on employees and organizations. It poses significant challenges to employee and organizational well-being. While extensive research has been documented in various Western contexts, scientific evidence related to abusive supervision in Southeast Asia remains underexplored. Southeast Asian people are characterized by a unique interplay of collectivist orientations and hierarchical power distance that may shape the tolerance, perception, and consequences of supervisory abuse. This article proposes that organizational silence and strong respect for authority figures have contributed to the emergence and persistence of abusive supervision in Southeast Asian regions. Furthermore, societal norms such as filial piety and face-saving behaviors may obscure recognition and resistance to such abuse. This article identifies several research gaps by integrating information from cultural and organizational insights. Firstly, future studies should anchor research directions with cultural values, and secondly, human resource and leadership practices must be tailored to Southeast Asian contexts. Understanding the influence of regional context on the development of abusive supervision is critical for designing responsive leadership development. This article urges context-sensitive empirical studies and collaborative human resource practices to reduce the emergence of supervisory abuse in the region.
Adaptation and Validation of The Work-Family Conflict Scale (Wafcs) For Use In Bahasa Indonesia Quraini, Az-Zahra Rizqi; Wirawan, Hillman; Nurkholis, Uswatun Hasanah; Fahreza, Rizky Nur; Putri, Findra Anugrah
PINISI Discretion Review Volume 9, Issue 1, September 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pdr.v1i1.78707

Abstract

This study aims to adapt and validate the Work-Family Conflict Scale (WAFCS) into an Indonesia version, in order to ensure its overall validity and reliability within the Indonesian cultural context. The adaptation process follows international guideline standards, in encompassing forward translation, back translation, expert evaluation, and field testing on 252 workers in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Reliability analysis showed consistent and excellent results with an overall omega (ω) coefficient of .92, as well as .88 and .89 for the work-to-family and family-to-work dimensions, respectively. Construct validity testing through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that although most items had significant factor loadings and adequate variance, the model fit indices (CFI = .87; TLI = .83; RMSEA = .16) did not fully meet ideal statistical criteria. These findings suggest that the two-factor structure of the WAFCS can still be substantially replicated. However, interpretations of work and family role conflict are influenced by local social and cultural contexts of the population. Thus, although the WAFCS has not yet achieved an ideal statistical model fit, the instrument still can be regarded as a reliable and relevant tool to measure work-family conflict in Indonesia, while considering further adjustments to the model structure and a broader target population.
Adaptation of the Cognitive Demands of Flexible Work Scale (CODE) for the Indonesian Context: Validation and Psychometric Analysis Nurkholis, Uswatun Hasanah; Wirawan, Hillman; Zulkifli, Az-Zahra Rizqi Quraini M.; Fahreza, Rizky Nur; Firdaus, Findra Anugrah Putri
PINISI Discretion Review Volume 9, Issue 1, September 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26858/pdr.v1i1.78706

Abstract

This study aims to adapt and validate the Cognitive Demands of Flexible Work Scale (CODE) instrument into the Indonesian context. The original instrument, developed by Prem et al. (2021), measures four dimensions of cognitive demands in flexible work: Structuring of work tasks, Planning of working times, Planning of working places, and coordinating with others. The adaptation process involved forward-back translation, field testing, and psychometric analysis using a sample of 252 workers in South Sulawesi. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed a good model fit (CFI = 0.983, TLI = 0.976, RMSEA = 0.047), with all factor loadings significant (λ > 0.70). Reliability, as measured by omega coefficient (ω = 0.795–0.881) and Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.788–0.875), met the criteria for acceptance. These findings support the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the CODE instrument, although there were minor variations in the correlation patterns among dimensions compared to the original version. This adaptation provides a valid tool for measuring the cognitive demands of flexible workers in Indonesia, with practical implications for human resource policy development and further research. In addition, this instrument can also be used to identify groups of workers who are most vulnerable to cognitive demands, such as those in leadership positions, those with higher educational backgrounds, or those working under flextime and flexplace systems. The results can serve as a basis for organizations to design more targeted interventions.
Co-Authors Fahreza, Rizky Nur Firdaus, Findra Anugrah Putri Putri, Findra Anugrah Quraini, Az-Zahra Rizqi Tamar, Muhammad Wirawan, Hillman Zulkifli, Az-Zahra Rizqi Quraini M.