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All Journal Nation State : Journal of International Studies International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Rifky, Muhammad Alif
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Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Constructivism in Indonesia-Malaysia Relations on the One Channel System Rifky, Muhammad Alif
International Journal of Science and Society Vol 7 No 1 (2025): International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC)
Publisher : GoAcademica Research & Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/ijsoc.v7i1.1421

Abstract

This article explores the implementation of the One Channel System (OCS) in Indonesia-Malaysia bilateral labor migration policy through the lens of constructivism. This study examines how international norms on migrant worker protection, particularly those outlined in ILO conventions, are internalized in migration policies, as well as key challenges in the effective implementation of OCS, such as institutional coordination, economic interests, and technological barriers. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes the tension between normative commitments and material considerations faced by both countries. The findings show that while Indonesia prioritizes the protection of its migrant workers, Malaysia's reliance on informal recruitment mechanisms like the Maid Online System (SMO) weakens the achievement of OCS goals. This duality highlights the limitations in norm socialization and the challenges of aligning global labor standards with domestic realities. This study contributes to the understanding of constructivist theory in migration policy by emphasizing the intersection of international norms, state identity, and pragmatic realities. The significance of this research lies in its ability to provide policy recommendations to improve the implementation of OCS and its contribution to the development of constructivism in migration policy, showing how international norms and state identity interact in labor migration governance.
Between Ambition and Reality: Indonesia's One Channel System as an Instrument of National Interest in Malaysia RIfky, Muhammad Alif; Dewi, Anggia Utami; Darmawan, Wawan Budi
Nation State: Journal of International Studies Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Norm Contestation, Identity and Cultural Dynamics in Contemporary International
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Social Science, Department of International Relations, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24076/nsjis.v8i2.2145

Abstract

This article examines Indonesia's One Channel System (OCS) as a strategic labor migration policy. Grounded in a qualitative content analysis of policy documents and bilateral agreements, the study moves beyond a descriptive account to offer a critical evaluation of the OCS. It utilizes Michael G. Roskin’s theory of National Interest as a foundational framework for understanding the state’s motivations. Still, it enriches this with complementary lenses from the International Relations literature, including migration governance, labor diplomacy, and human security. The findings affirm that the OCS serves as a key instrument of Indonesian statecraft, advancing national security, securing economic interests through remittance formalization, and enhancing international prestige. However, the analysis reveals that significant challenges severelly constrain the policy’s effectiveness. These include a persistent lack of bilateral cooperation from Malaysia, critical on-the-ground implementation gaps, and the unintended risk of state overreach. A fundamental disconnect between the policy’s top-down objectives and the lived realities and agency of migrant workers. The study concludes that while the OCS is a vital assertion of regulatory sovereignty, its success is contingent on bridging the gap between state-centric interests and worker-centric protection. It suggests that future policy must prioritize legally binding bilateral enforcement and address deep-rooted implementation failures.
Co-Authors Anggia Utami Dewi, Anggia Utami Darmawan, Wawan Budi