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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics
Gill, Steven
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Chemistry Computer Science & IT

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Phytochemistry, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Hibiscus (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) Extract on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Arsianti, Ade; Suhaima, Isma Zahira; Gill, Steven; Fajrin, Ajeng Megawati; Nadapdap, Lince Dameria; Azizah, Norma Nur; Tanimoto, Hiroki; Hirota, Shun
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women with a very high mortality rate. This cancer is caused by uncontrolled growth of breast cells. Treatments for this malignancy are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, however those methods can cause adverse effects and quite expensive. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are also used to support those main treatments, one of them is herbal medicine. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is known to have various phytochemical components with antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and analgesic activities. This study is aimed to determine the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Method: Dried Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was milled to a powder, subsequently extracted by multilevel maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol as solvents. Phytochemical components were analyzed by phytochemistry test and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method, whereas cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Results: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were proved to contain triterpenoids in all extracts, alkaloids in n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts, flavonoids and tannins in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, and steroids in n-hexane extract. TLC analysis showed n-hexane extract contains 8 phytochemical compounds, ethyl acetate contains 6 compounds, and ethanol extract contains 2 phytochemical compounds. Antioxidant activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extracts towards DPPH free radicals were highly active with IC50 value of 1.56 µg/mL for ethyl acetate extract and 42.30 µg/mL for ethanol extract. Cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells was moderately active with IC50 value of 79.37 µg/mL. IC50 value of n-hexane and ethanol extracts were 125.23 µg/mL and 210.77 µg/mL, respectively, in which both were categorized in weakly active. Conclusion: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis contains several phytochemical components which showed highly active antioxidant activity towards DPPH free radicals and moderate-to-weak cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Phytochemisty and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and n-Hexane Extracts of Suruhan Leaves (Peperomia pellucida) Arsianti, Ade; Gill, Steven; Kristanty, Diyah
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Free radicals are natural byproducts of cellular metabolism, in which, their excessive accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, which plays a key role in the development of various chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Antioxidants are compounds capable of scavenging free radicals and minimizing oxidative damage. Peperomia pellucida, commonly known as Suruhan leaves, is a tropical herb traditionally used in folk medicine that contain bioactive compounds correlated with a strong radical-scavenging activity, suggesting its potential as a natural antioxidant source. This study aims to conduct a phytochemical analysis and evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of Suruhan leaves (P. pellucida). Method: Suruhan leaf powder obtained from Situbondo, East Java, was macerated in three different solvents of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane to produce its corresponding ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, and n-hexane extract of P. pellucida. The phytochemical components in P. pellucida extracts were determined using phytochemistry test. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using the DPPH method. Results: P. pellucida extracts comprise alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids as its phytochemical constituents. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of P. pellucida displayed extremely strong antioxidant properties on DPPH with IC50 value of 14.45 µg/mL and 22.12 µg/mL respectively, while the n-hexane extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 102.71 µg/mL on DPPH. Conclusion: P. pellucida extracts containing several phytochemical constituents that showed moderate-to-strong antioxidant activity towards DPPH free radical.
Co-Authors Arsianti, Ade Azizah, Norma Nur Fajrin, Ajeng Megawati Hirota, Shun Kristanty, Diyah Nadapdap, Lince Dameria Suhaima, Isma Zahira Tanimoto, Hiroki