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All Journal International Journal of Health Science & Medical Research GANESHA MEDICINA
Pratama, Pande Putu Arista Indra
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Dentistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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ASTHENOPIA: DIAGNOSIS, TATALAKSANA, TERAPI Pratama, Pande Putu Arista Indra; Setiawan, Komang Hendra; Purnomo, Ketut Indra
Ganesha Medicina Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (120.315 KB) | DOI: 10.23887/gm.v1i2.39551

Abstract

Asthenopia (kelelahan mata) merupakan sekumpulan gejala berupa permasalahan pada penglihatan (visual), mata (okular), dan muskuloskeletal yang umumnya terjadi hilang timbul. Keluhan ini sering muncul akibat pengaruh penggunaan perangkat digital dalam waktu yang lama terutama lebih dari 6 jam perhari. Penderita asthenopia secara global mencapai 60 juta orang yang didominasi usia muda. Gejala asthenopia yang paling sering dirasakan adalah keluhan mata kering, kesulitan dalam memfokuskan objek, mata tegang, mata lelah, dan sakit kepala. Diagnosis asthenopia dapat dilakukan secara subjektif dengan menggunakan kuesioner standar ataupun secara objektif dengan pemeriksaan lanjutan. Pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan berupa pengukuran Critical Flicker-fusion Frequency (CFF), pengukuran frekuensi berkedip, kemampuan akomodasi, serta refleks cahaya dan ukuran pupil yang dapat memberikan gambaran lebih jelas ke arah asthenopia. Tatalaksana dan terapi pada asthenopia diberikan untuk meredakan gejala dan mengatasi penyebabnya seperti terapi untuk mengatasi mata kering, koreksi gangguan refraksi, terapi gangguan akomodasi dan vergensi, dan penggunaan kacamata filter cahaya biru. Walaupun asthenopia terjadi secara hilang timbul, penyakit ini dapat menjadi menetap dan berkembang menimbulkan keluhan permanen. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan hasil literature review dari penelitian terkait diagnosis, tatalaksana, dan terapi asthenopia yang sudah dipublikasi. Penulisan artikel ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menindaklanjuti kasus asthenopia sehingga prevalensi dan insidensinya dapat ditekan.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF OPIOID-FREE ANESTHESIA AND OPIOID-BASED ANESTHESIA ON THE INCIDENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Adi Widarma, I Made Agus; Sudiantara, Putu Herdita; Ulandari, Komang Sherly; Habisena, Cokorda Gde Waesa; Pratama, Pande Putu Arista Indra
International Journal of Health Science & Medical Research Vol 5, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : UNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37905/ijhsmr.v5i1.33731

Abstract

Perioperative pain management commonly relies on opioids, which are associated with significant adverse effects, particularly postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), affecting up to 80% of high-risk surgical patients. This systematic review aimed to compare the effectiveness of opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) and opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) in reducing PONV incidence. This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EuropePMC, and OpenAlex. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2015 and 2025 that compared OFA and OBA in adult patients (18 years) and reported PONV outcomes were included. Results of the 117 articles identified, five RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Although the limited number of studies limits the generalizability of the findings, this reflects the application of strict inclusion criteria that prioritize high-quality RCTs. Four studies (Clanet et al., 2024; Choi et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2023; Pratyusha et al., 2025) reported a statistically significant reduction in PONV in patients receiving OFA. In contrast, Yu et al. (2023) found no significant difference between OFA and OBA. Additionally, OFA was associated with reduced postoperative opioid consumption, which may contribute to lower PONV rates. Conclusion OFA demonstrates promising potential as a safe and effective alternative to OBA in reducing PONV. However, larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and to further evaluate the impact of OFA on postoperative pain control and recovery quality.
Co-Authors Adi Widarma, I Made Agus Habisena, Cokorda Gde Waesa Ketut Indra Purnomo Komang Hendra Setiawan Putu Herdita Sudiantara, Putu Herdita Ulandari, Komang Sherly