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All Journal ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities International Journal of Language, Education, and Literature (IJLEL)
Sitokkonni, Joice
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Arts Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Bridging Perception and Practice: How Primary Teachers Adapt Instruction Based on Student Learning Styles Sitokkonni, Joice; Amirullah, Amirullah; Fitriyani, Fitriyani
ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JUNE
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34050/els-jish.v8i2.45174

Abstract

This qualitative study investigates how primary school teachers adapt their instructional strategies based on their perceptions of students' diverse learning styles in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting. Conducted at IBC School Makassar, Indonesia, the research involved classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with six primary teachers, one principal, and one school supervisor. The findings reveal that while teachers recognize the importance of tailoring instruction to accommodate various learning styles, visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic, adaptation in practice is shaped by a combination of personal experience, professional training, and contextual constraints. Teachers consistently employed multimodal strategies, blending visual aids, interactive discussions, and hands-on activities. However, no formal diagnostic tools were used; rather, teachers relied on intuition and continuous classroom observation. Institutional factors such as large class sizes, limited resources, and time constraints often impeded the full implementation of differentiated instruction. Despite these challenges, teachers demonstrated flexibility and creativity, using adaptive strategies that reflected a pragmatic response to classroom realities. This study highlights the dynamic interplay between perception and instructional practice in primary education. It underscores the need for ongoing professional development and institutional support to enhance teachers’ ability to personalize instruction. The findings offer implications for educational policy and teacher training, particularly in implementing student-centered approaches under curriculum reforms like Indonesia's Kurikulum Merdeka.  
Informal Identification of Student Learning Styles by Primary School Teachers: Insights from a Qualitative Study: Informal Identification of Student Learning Styles by Primary School Teachers: Insights from a Qualitative Study Sitokkonni, Joice; Amirullah; Fitriyani; Widya
International Journal of Language, Education, and Literature Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pascasarjana - Universitas Negeri Makassar.

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Abstract

This study explores how primary school teachers informally identify and categorize students’ learning styles in the classroom. While learning style theories such as Fleming’s VARK model are widely known, their practical application in primary education often lacks formal support or diagnostic tools. In the context of Indonesia’s Kurikulum Merdeka, where differentiated instruction is encouraged, teachers are expected to address diverse student learning needs. However, little is known about how teachers recognize learning preferences in everyday classroom practice. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach and involved six teachers from IBC School Makassar. Data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured interviews, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings revealed that teachers used informal strategies such as observing student behavior, participation patterns, and task preferences to identify visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic learners. Although no formal instruments were used, teachers demonstrated intuitive awareness of students’ learning preferences and adjusted their teaching accordingly. Most teachers adopted a multimodal approach, reflecting the overlap and fluidity of learning styles among students. These results suggest that informal identification methods, while flexible and contextually effective, could be strengthened by institutional training and support systems. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of teacher-led learning differentiation and highlights the importance of perception-based strategies in inclusive classroom environments.
Co-Authors Amirullah Amirullah -, Amirullah Fitriyani Fitriyani Fitriyani Widya