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All Journal DE JURE AL-TANZIM : JURNAL MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Ravasdeh, Ziyad
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Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Between Sharia and State: Fatwa Authority and Pandemic Responses in Indonesia, Turkey, and Morocco Taufiq, Muhammad; Faiz, Muhammad Fauzinudin; Ravaşdeh, Ziyad
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 17, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Shariah Faculty UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v17i1.31433

Abstract

The reactions of Muslim communities to the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the importance of the relationship between Sharia and the state in developing a fiqh of mitigation for future pandemics. Muslim-majority countries faced significant challenges in balancing health protocols with religious obligations, such as mosque closures, the suspension of Ramadan and Hajj rituals, and debates over the halal status of vaccines. In this context, fatwa authorities played a crucial role in mediating between state policies and the religious sensitivities of the public. This study explores the Sharia–state relations through the intersection of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), fatwa authority, and pandemic responses in Indonesia, Turkey, and Morocco. Each country exemplifies a distinct relationship between state and religious authority, influencing how pandemic mitigation strategies are received and implemented. Utilising empirical legal methods and the fiqh of mitigation based on the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘a, particularly ḥifẓ al-nafs (preservation of life), maslahah (public interest), and saddu al-dzārī‘ah (preventive measures), this study highlights how religious decrees (fatwas) align with or diverge from public health regulations. The findings reveal that Sharia-state relations are crucial in building the fiqh of mitigation, public compliance, and state–religion cooperation. The study advocates for institutionalising a fiqh of mitigation to prepare Muslim societies for future pandemic crises through a balanced approach that integrates Sharia principles and public health governance.
Building Child-Friendly Schools in Rural Areas: The Power of Inclusive Education Management M. Holili, M; Syarif, Zainuddin; Masrurah, Waqiatul; Ravasdeh, Ziyad
JURNAL AL-TANZIM Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Nurul Jadid University, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/al-tanzim.v9i2.9767

Abstract

This study aims to analyse education empowerment in rural areas through inclusive management to create child-friendly schools. The study is based on the increasing need for an education system that can serve all children, including those with special needs, especially in rural areas, so inclusive management in schools plays a vital role in ensuring equal opportunities for all students. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study methodology, using in-depth interviews and observations as data collection techniques, with data analysis according to the Miles and Huberman approach. The study's findings revealed that empowering child-friendly schools in rural areas requires the implementation of a responsive curriculum, a safe and inclusive school environment, qualified teachers with continuous professional development, and active community participation. A secure and discrimination-free environment fosters students' social and emotional development, while professional development for teachers enhances their ability to meet the various needs of students. In addition, community participation in inclusive management strengthens the support of resources, facilities, and social collaboration, significantly contributing to the creation of stronger inclusive education in rural areas. The study contributes to understanding the essential components needed to implement inclusive education in rural areas.
Co-Authors M. Holili, M Masrurah, Waqiatul Muhammad Taufiq Zainuddin Syarif