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Human Metapneumovirus: A Critical Review of Its Impact on the Immune System and Clinical Implications Shahidul Islam, Syed Mahmood; Laskar, Nourjahan; Reza, Md.Shajalal; Ahmed, MD. Faisal; Iqbal, Hrishik; De Guia, Lemar Cardenas; Syrmos, Nikolaos
Journal of Current Health Sciences Vol. 5 No. 2: 2025
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jchs.2025111

Abstract

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) became known in 2001 as a major respiratory pathogen which triggers acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in the population with particular impact on infants and elderly patients and individuals with impaired immunity. HMPV was recently identified but retrospective analyses show this virus has existed unnoticed throughout previous decades starting from the 1950s. The respiratory tract pathogen HMPV exists within the Pneumoviridae family with genomic and structural relationships to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The virus manifests differently from delicate upper respiratory conditions to dangerous bronchiolitis and pneumonia within the lower respiratory system. Medical practitioners discover it difficult to identify HMPV due to identical viral symptoms but RT-PCR now enhances testing precision. HMPV has a seasonal pattern which reaches its peak during late winter and spring through airborne respiratory droplet transmission. Most people acquire the virus before their fifth year but continued infections happen as natural protection weakens so there remains an urgent need to develop safe treatments and vaccines against HMPV. FDA-approved antiviral drugs along with vaccines do not exist for treatment so healthcare professionals must provide supportive care only. Studies of HMPV's spread have improved yet scientists have not resolved fundamental questions about lineage immunity protection and virus immune evasion behaviors and persistent immune responses. The prevention of HMPV transmission requires proper hand hygiene practice together with respiratory etiquette. Multidisciplinary research needs continuous investigation because it helps tackle the worldwide burden of HMPV while developing specific prevention methods for this enduring public health threat that affects vulnerable populations.
Enhancing Academic Well-Being in Bangladesh: Lessons from School Culture Research Ahmed, MD. Faisal
Nusantara Journal of Behavioral and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/njbss.202585

Abstract

The education system in Bangladesh remains heavily exam-oriented, often at the expense of students’ psychological well-being and holistic development. This article explores how reforming school culture—defined as the network of beliefs, practices, and relationships that shape the learning environment—can enhance academic well-being. Drawing from global best practices and empirical studies, particularly in socio-economically similar contexts, the article advocates for integrating socio-emotional learning (SEL), improving teacher training, reducing educational inequality, and implementing constructivist or project-based assessment methods. These interventions can create a more inclusive, student-centered environment that promotes both academic success and emotional resilience. The scope of this article is conceptual and policy-oriented, aiming to synthesize evidence and propose actionable strategies rather than report findings from original empirical research. Limitations include the absence of primary data and the need for contextual adaptation of international models to Bangladesh’s unique socio-cultural setting. Practical implications of SEL integration include improved classroom climate, reduced student anxiety, and enhanced interpersonal skills—factors increasingly vital for 21st-century education. Ultimately, the article emphasizes that fostering positive school culture is essential for sustainable education reform in Bangladesh.
Beyond paychecks: Demographic insights into job satisfaction among psychologists Roy, Shramana Singha; Akhi, Antaz Hena; Ahmed, MD. Faisal; Sarkar, Nandita; Akter, Ratna; Binte Siraj, Lamia; Ul-Morshed, Mahadi-; Naz, Hamida
Journal of Indonesian Psychological Science (JIPS) Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Journal of Indonesian Psychological Science (JIPS)
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/jips.v5i2.34459

Abstract

Job satisfaction is a fundamental determinant of professionals’ productivity, motivation, and mental well-being. This study explored the level of job satisfaction among psychologists in Bangladesh and examined its association with demographic characteristics. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational design, data were gathered from 100 purposively selected psychologists through an online survey. A standardized and culturally adapted job satisfaction questionnaire for Bangla-speaking participants was employed to ensure contextual relevance. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential procedures such as correlation and analysis of variance. The findings revealed a generally moderate level of job satisfaction among participants, with significant variations across educational background, socioeconomic status, residential area, and work experience. Psychologists with higher income or belonging to more privileged socioeconomic groups tended to report lower satisfaction, suggesting that elevated expectations may not always align with workplace realities. These results highlight the complex interplay of contextual and demographic factors shaping professional well-being in Bangladesh’s mental health sector. Although the study’s scope was limited by purposive sampling and its national focus, it provides an important empirical contribution to the limited literature on occupational satisfaction within low-resource contexts. Further research across diverse geographic and institutional settings is recommended to enhance the generalizability of findings. This study contributes to a broader understanding of how demographic and contextual dynamics influence professional satisfaction and can guide the development of culturally sensitive, evidence-based interventions to strengthen the mental health workforce in Bangladesh