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Iqbal, Hrishik
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Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Current Trends and Future Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Radiology Mahedi, Rezwan Ahmed; Iqbal, Hrishik; Azmee, Raiyan; Azmee, Marzan; Jakir, Fatiha; Nishan, Mufassir Ahmad; Uddin, Mohammed Burhan; Afrin, Sadia
Journal of Current Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2: November 2024
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jchs.202487

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed numerous industries, including medicine, with radiography standing to benefit significantly from its capabilities. AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, reduces errors, and improves patient care by leveraging large datasets from digital radiographs commonly used in medical and dental practices. Despite these advantages, the impact of AI on image acquisition and radiographer workflows remains underexplored in radiography literature. This review aims to evaluate the effects of AI on radiographic practices, address regulatory challenges, and explore its integration into educational frameworks for radiologists and radiographers. It highlights AI's role in automating tasks, enhancing diagnostic precision, and improving clinical decision-making. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 2024, with terms including "artificial intelligence," "machine learning," "deep learning," "radiography," and "diagnostic imaging." Seventy-seven peer-reviewed articles and conference papers focusing on AI applications in digital dental radiography were analyzed to extract data on AI methodologies and their potential applications. The findings reveal that AI-powered solutions enhance efficiency in complex imaging tasks, such as lesion identification and triage in mammography, and real-time assessments in cross-sectional imaging, reducing the need for re-scans and increasing patient throughput. However, widespread adoption faces obstacles related to ethical and legal concerns, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for transparency. While AI demonstrates significant potential to automate workflows, improve diagnostic accuracy, and optimize patient care in radiography, challenges related to human oversight, professional adaptation, and regulatory compliance must be addressed. Further research is needed to fully understand AI’s impact on radiography and to maximize its clinical utility.
Human Metapneumovirus: A Critical Review of Its Impact on the Immune System and Clinical Implications Shahidul Islam, Syed Mahmood; Laskar, Nourjahan; Reza, Md.Shajalal; Ahmed, MD. Faisal; Iqbal, Hrishik; De Guia, Lemar Cardenas; Syrmos, Nikolaos
Journal of Current Health Sciences Vol. 5 No. 2: 2025
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jchs.2025111

Abstract

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) became known in 2001 as a major respiratory pathogen which triggers acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in the population with particular impact on infants and elderly patients and individuals with impaired immunity. HMPV was recently identified but retrospective analyses show this virus has existed unnoticed throughout previous decades starting from the 1950s. The respiratory tract pathogen HMPV exists within the Pneumoviridae family with genomic and structural relationships to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The virus manifests differently from delicate upper respiratory conditions to dangerous bronchiolitis and pneumonia within the lower respiratory system. Medical practitioners discover it difficult to identify HMPV due to identical viral symptoms but RT-PCR now enhances testing precision. HMPV has a seasonal pattern which reaches its peak during late winter and spring through airborne respiratory droplet transmission. Most people acquire the virus before their fifth year but continued infections happen as natural protection weakens so there remains an urgent need to develop safe treatments and vaccines against HMPV. FDA-approved antiviral drugs along with vaccines do not exist for treatment so healthcare professionals must provide supportive care only. Studies of HMPV's spread have improved yet scientists have not resolved fundamental questions about lineage immunity protection and virus immune evasion behaviors and persistent immune responses. The prevention of HMPV transmission requires proper hand hygiene practice together with respiratory etiquette. Multidisciplinary research needs continuous investigation because it helps tackle the worldwide burden of HMPV while developing specific prevention methods for this enduring public health threat that affects vulnerable populations.
Bortezomib in multiple myeloma management Iqbal, Hrishik; Islam, Mohammad Nazmul; Chakravarthi, Srikumar; Jamali, Mohammad Chand; Mahedi, Rezwan Ahmed; Afrin, Sadia; Pujita Roy; Alam, Fahadul; Reza, Md.Shajalal; Syrmos, Νikolaos
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 3 (2025): Ahead Of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.%p

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells, leading to complications such as bone lesions, renal dysfunction, and immune suppression. Over the past three decades, its incidence has risen significantly, attributed to factors such as aging populations and improved diagnostic methods. Treatment strategies have evolved considerably, transitioning from alkylating agents and high-dose chemotherapy to targeted therapies, including proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Bortezomib, a first-in-class PI, has revolutionized MM management by inhibiting proteasome activity, thereby inducing apoptosis in malignant plasma cells. This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of bortezomib, both as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone, IMiDs, and conventional chemotherapies. Key clinical trials, such as VISTA and SUMMIT, demonstrate its superiority over traditional regimens, improving response rates and survival outcomes. However, its use is associated with adverse effects, including peripheral neuropathy, hematologic toxicities, and gastrointestinal disturbances, necessitating dose modifications and supportive care. Emerging combinations with monoclonal antibodies and novel agents further enhance therapeutic potential, though optimal sequencing remains under investigation. Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane to identify relevant studies on the applications of bortezomib. The search was inclusive of all publications up to May 2025, without restriction by publication year, to ensure a thorough review of research on bortezomib. Studies focusing on multiple myeloma (MM) and the efficacy of bortezomib were prioritized. A broad set of keywords was employed reflecting the diverse applications of bortezomib in MM treatment. The search strategy was designed to capture a wide range of relevant studies. By synthesizing evidence from 77 studies, this review highlights bortezomib’s pivotal role in MM treatment while addressing challenges in toxicity management. Future research should focus on refining combination strategies and minimizing side effects to maximize long-term patient outcomes.
Situation Report of Clinical and Climatic Pattern Changes in Dengue Outbreaks in Bangladesh 2024–2025 Hossain, Tanvir; Chayan, Famous Uddin; Iqbal, Hrishik; Alam, Fahadul; Syrmos, Nikolaos
Journal of Current Health Sciences Vol. 5 No. 4: 2025
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jchs.2025137

Abstract

Dengue is still a big public health problem in Bangladesh, and the number of cases has risen rapidly in the last several years.  This review integrates epidemiological, clinical, and environmental data to clarify the determinants contributing to the country's dengue crisis.  A systematic literature search from 2001 to 2025 was carried out using PubMed and the Cochrane Library, resulting in 50 pertinent papers regarding dengue epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and health effects in Bangladesh.  The first report of dengue was in 1960, and the first epidemic was in 2000.  Dengue has since become endemic, with huge outbreaks in 2019 (101,354 cases; 164 deaths) and a terrible peak in 2023 (321,179 hospitalizations; 1,705 deaths).  Aedes aegypti has had good reproduction conditions because of changing weather, rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and fast, unplanned urbanization.  Epidemiological changes encompass ongoing year-round transmission, an increase in secondary infections attributable to several serotypes, and a geographical spread from urban Dhaka to semi-urban and rural areas, including the Cox’s Bazar refugee camps.  In clinical practice, patients are increasingly diagnosed with atypical or "expanded dengue syndrome," and mortality is closely linked to shock and subsequent infections.  The expenses to society for each incidence are high, averaging US$479 in urban Dhaka.  People who are more likely to get sick or have mental health problems are youngsters, pregnant women, and the elderly.  Evidence shows that climate change and urbanization are working together to lengthen the dengue season, make epidemics worse, and put a load on Bangladesh's healthcare system.  To lessen the growing threat, it is important to improve surveillance, vector management, and investment in healthcare resilience.  
Co-Authors Afrin, Sadia Ahmed, MD. Faisal Alam, Fahadul Azmee, Marzan Azmee, Raiyan Chakravarthi, Srikumar Chayan, Famous Uddin De Guia, Lemar Cardenas Hossain, Tanvir Islam, Mohammad Nazmul Jakir, Fatiha Jamali, Mohammad Chand Laskar, Nourjahan Mahedi, Rezwan Ahmed Nishan, Mufassir Ahmad Pujita Roy Reza, Md.Shajalal Shahidul Islam, Syed Mahmood Syrmos, Nikolaos Syrmos, Νikolaos Uddin, Mohammed Burhan