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COMMODIFICATION OF MERIT: REIMAGING GOD(S) THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TRAINING CLASSES IN PAITON PROBOLINGGO Mushafi Miftah
Islamic Studies Journal for Social Transformation Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/isjoust.v1i2.11916

Material wealth, good health, and efforts to make money are central, but not solely, to the flourishing of religious commodifications. Pola-Pertolongan-Allah is a business-based-religious training which argues that strong beliefs in fate and luck are essential to the efficacy of the rituals, which is believed to generate ‘practical benefits’ for the participants of training. By paying for IDR500,000 – IDR1,500,000 / meeting for private class, and IDR150,000 /three hours for public classes, ‘the devotees’ will get also some kinds of bonus, including additional handbooks of tauhid, practical guide of various shalat patterns. PPA, by doing so, has successfully made the participant to be instrumental in performing meritorious acts to secure future happiness for themselves and their descendants, but still must depend on their fate and moral luck if they are to have the best possible outcomes. PPA, which operates with Multi-Level-Marketing recruitment system, stands in the increased commercialization of Muslim community in Probolinggo. This study finally figures out that commodified religious mode and technique of merit making could be subverted and employed to negotiate and express their religious-economic class identities.

ANALISIS YURIDIS KEDUDUKAN BADAN PENGAWAS PEMILIHAN UMUM (BAWASLU) SEBAGAI LEMBAGA NEGARA Nurlaili Widya Ayuningtyas; Mushafi Miftah
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.60315

Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis kedudukan Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu) dalam sistem pemerintahan Indonesia serta relevansinya bagi demokrasi konstitusional. Sebagai pengawas pemilu, Bawaslu berperan menjaga integritas pemilu yang jujur dan adil, namun belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam UUD 1945, sehingga memunculkan perdebatan legitimasi. Menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Bawaslu, meski tidak dibentuk langsung oleh konstitusi, merupakan organ negara yang menjalankan fungsi pengawasan dan penyelesaian sengketa secara quasi-yudisial. Sebagai lembaga independen di luar eksekutif, legislatif, dan yudikatif, Bawaslu berfungsi sebagai mekanisme checks and balances. Disarankan penguatan kedudukannya dalam konstitusi demi efektivitas pengawasan pemilu ke depan. Kata kunci : Bawaslu, Lembaga Negara, Pemilu Abstract This study analyzes the position of the General Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) within the Indonesian government system and its relevance to constitutional democracy. As an election supervisor, Bawaslu plays a role in maintaining the integrity of honest and fair elections, but this is not explicitly regulated in the 1945 Constitution, giving rise to debates about its legitimacy. Using normative legal methods with a statutory and conceptual approach, this study finds that Bawaslu, although not directly established by the constitution, is a state organ that carries out supervisory and dispute resolution functions in a quasi-judicial manner. As an independent institution outside the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, Bawaslu functions as a mechanism of checks and balances. It is recommended that its position in the constitution be strengthened for the effectiveness of future election oversight. Keywords: Bawaslu, State Institution, Election

LEGALITAS PENGGUNAAN SEPEDA LISTRIK DI JALAN RAYA (Kajian Pasal 1 Ayat (8) Undang – Undang No 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan) Triyana Nuraini; Mushafi Miftah
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.60317

Abstrak Penggunaan sepeda listrik sebagai transportasi alternatif di Indonesia menimbulkan tantangan hukum baru. Meski ramah lingkungan, status hukumnya di jalan raya masih diperdebatkan, terutama terkait klasifikasinya sebagai kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif untuk mengkaji legalitas sepeda listrik berdasarkan Pasal 1 Ayat (8) UU No. 22 Tahun 2009. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sepeda listrik secara teknis termasuk kendaraan bermotor karena digerakkan oleh motor listrik. Namun, belum adanya regulasi khusus menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, seperti kewajiban SIM, STNK, dan standar teknis. Permenhub No. 45 Tahun 2020 memberikan pedoman, namun belum cukup komprehensif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembaruan regulasi yang adaptif agar memberikan kepastian hukum dan menjamin keselamatan pengguna jalan. Kata kunci : sepeda listrik, legalitas, kendaraan bermotor, Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 2009, lalu lintas jalan raya Abstract The use of electric bicycles as alternative transportation in Indonesia presents new legal challenges. Although environmentally friendly, their legal status on the road remains debated, particularly regarding their classification as motorized vehicles. This study uses a normative juridical method to examine the legality of electric bicycles based on Article 1 Paragraph (8) of Law No. 22 of 2009. The results indicate that electric bicycles are technically motorized vehicles because they are powered by an electric motor. However, the absence of specific regulations creates legal uncertainty, such as the requirement for a driver's license (SIM), vehicle registration (STNK), and technical standards. Ministerial Regulation No. 45 of 2020 provides guidelines, but is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, adaptive regulatory updates are needed to provide legal certainty and ensure the safety of road users. Keywords: Electric bicycles, legality, motor vehicles, Law No. 22 of 2009, road traffic

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PENERAPAN RESTORATIF JUSTICE DALAM KASUS TINDAK PIDANA ANAK Nike Ardillah; Mushafi Miftah
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.60836

Abstrak Penanganan tindak pidana yang melibatkan anak sebagai pelaku menuntut pendekatan yang tidak semata-mata berorientasi pada penghukuman, melainkan juga mempertimbangkan aspek perlindungan dan pemulihan. Restorative justice menjadi pendekatan alternatif yang diadopsi dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji landasan yuridis penerapan restorative justice dalam kasus tindak pidana anak serta mekanisme penyelesaian perkara melalui pendekatan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan analisis konseptual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dasar hukum penerapan restorative justice dalam perkara anak tercermin dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, yang mengutamakan diversi dan penyelesaian di luar pengadilan. Mekanisme penyelesaian perkara melalui restorative justice melibatkan musyawarah antara pelaku, korban, keluarga, dan pihak terkait lainnya, dengan tujuan mencapai kesepakatan untuk pemulihan keadaan. Proses ini diawasi oleh aparat penegak hukum sejak tahap penyidikan hingga penuntutan, dengan memperhatikan prinsip keadilan, perlindungan anak, dan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Kata Kunci: Restorative Justice, Anak, Tindak Pidana, Tinjauan Yuridis, Diversi. Abstract The handling of criminal acts involving children as perpetrators requires an approach that is not solely punishment-oriented but also considers aspects of protection and restoration. Restorative justice has emerged as an alternative approach adopted within Indonesia’s juvenile criminal justice system. This study aims to examine the legal basis for the application of restorative justice in criminal cases involving children, as well as the mechanisms for resolving such cases through this approach. The method used is normative juridical, employing statutory and conceptual analysis approaches. The findings indicate that the legal foundation for implementing restorative justice in juvenile cases is reflected in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which prioritizes diversion and out-of-court settlements. The resolution mechanism through restorative justice involves deliberation between the offender, the victim, their families, and other relevant parties, with the goal of reaching an agreement to restore the situation. This process is supervised by law enforcement officers from the investigation stage to prosecution, with due regard to the principles of justice, child protection, and the best interests of the child. Keywords: Restorative Justice, Anak, Tindak Pidana, Tinjauan Yuridis, Diversi.

PEMBERLAKUAN ASAS PRADUGA TIDAK BERSALAH DALAM PROSES PENANGKAPAN TERDUGA PENGEDAR NARKOTIKA OLEH APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM Deviatul Baliyah Mery Agusteja; Mushafi Miftah
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.60920

Abstrak Penegakan hukum terhadap terduga pengedar narkotika sering mengabaikan asas praduga tidak bersalah, berpotensi menimbulkan pelanggaran hak asasi dan ketidakadilan. Menganalisis penerapan asas praduga tidak bersalah dalam penangkapan terduga pengedar narkotika berdasarkan hukum positif dan praktik di lapangan serta mengidentifikasi implikasi hukumnya. Penelitian yuridis normatif dengan analisis peraturan perundang undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan doktrin hukum menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penerapan asas praduga tidak bersalah masih banyak dilanggar, seperti penangkapan tanpa surat perintah dan kurangnya pendampingan hukum sehingga berpotensi merusak proses hukum dan hak asasi tersangka. Perlu penguatan pengawasan dan pemahaman aparat penegak hukum terhadap asas praduga tidak bersalah, penegakan prosedur hukum yang konsisten, serta penyediaan pendampingan hukum sejak awal penangkapan untuk menjamin keadilan dan perlindungan hak asasi. Kata Kunci: Praduga Tidak Bersalah, Penangkapan Terduga, Pengedar Narkotika, Hak Asasi Manusia, Penegakan Hukum. Abstract Law enforcement against suspected drug dealers often disregards the principle of presumption of innocence, potentially leading to human rights violations and injustice. Analyzing the application of the presumption of innocence principle in the arrest of suspected drug dealers based on positive law and practices in the field, as well as identifying its legal implications. This is a normative legal study with an analysis of legislation, court decisions, and legal doctrine using a descriptive qualitative approach. The application of the presumption of innocence is still widely violated, such as arrests without warrants and a lack of legal assistance, which has the potential to undermine the legal process and the human rights of suspects. There is a need to strengthen oversight and understanding among law enforcement officials regarding the presumption of innocence, consistent enforcement of legal procedures, and the provision of legal assistance from the outset of arrest to ensure justice and the protection of human rights. Keywords: Presumption of Innocence, Arrest of Suspect, Drug Dealer, Human Rights, Law Enforcement.

PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA SECARA SEPIHAK BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KETENAGAKERJAAN Rian Silhatunnayati; Mushafi Miftah
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.60818

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) secara sepihak menurut hukum ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. PHK sepihak sering memicu ketidakpastian dan ketidakadilan bagi pekerja, meskipun regulasi telah mengatur perlindungan hak-hak tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Sumber data meliputi Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja, serta dokumen hukum relevan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PHK sepihak yang dilakukan tanpa dasar hukum dan prosedur yang sah bertentangan dengan prinsip keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Pemutusan hubungan kerja hanya dapat dilakukan melalui prosedur tertentu, termasuk perundingan bipartit, mediasi, atau penetapan lembaga penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial. Apabila perusahaan melakukan PHK sepihak secara melawan hukum, pekerja berhak memperoleh kompensasi berupa pesangon dan hak lainnya. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penegakan hukum yang konsisten dan kesadaran semua pihak mengenai kewajiban serta hak dalam hubungan kerja. Kata Kunci: Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja, PHK Sepihak, Ketenagakerjaan, Perlindungan Hukum, Hubungan Industrial. Abstract This study aims to analyze the legal validity of unilateral termination of employment under Indonesian labor law. Unilateral termination frequently causes uncertainty and injustice for workers, despite regulations that provide protection of labor rights. This research applies a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. Data sources include Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower, Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation, and other relevant legal documents. The findings indicate that unilateral termination carried out without lawful grounds and procedures contradicts the principles of justice and legal certainty. Termination of employment must follow specific procedures, including bipartite negotiation, mediation, or settlement by an industrial relations dispute resolution institution. If an employer carries out unlawful unilateral termination, the worker is entitled to compensation such as severance pay and other rights. This study emphasizes the need for consistent law enforcement and awareness among all parties regarding their rights and obligations within employment relationships. Keywords: Termination of Employment, Unilateral Dismissal, Labor Law, Legal Protection, Industrial Relations.

KEBIJAKAN APLIKASI HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA (Putusan Nomor 6/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Pbl.) Ahmad Wafy Naufal; Mushafi Miftah
El-Iqthisadi Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.60977

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih terbatasnya studi mengenai kebijakan aplikasi hukum pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana narkotika, padahal fenomena ini memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan masyarakat, stabilitas sosial, dan moralitas generasi muda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebijakan hukum pidana dalam menangani tindak pidana narkotika berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 6/Pid.Sus/2025/PN Pbl., serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan hambatan dalam penerapannya, khususnya dalam konteks keseimbangan antara pendekatan represif dan rehabilitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin, dan putusan pengadilan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis bahan hukum kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 masih didominasi pendekatan represif, meskipun undang-undang tersebut membuka peluang rehabilitasi bagi pengguna. Hambatan utama mencakup minimnya alat bukti, keterbatasan fasilitas rehabilitasi, dan kurangnya koordinasi antarlembaga penegak hukum. Temuan ini sejalan dengan teori pemidanaan gabungan dan prinsip trias hukum Gustav Radbruch, yang menuntut adanya keseimbangan antara kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan. Simpulan utama penelitian ini adalah perlunya reformasi kebijakan hukum pidana yang lebih proporsional, penguatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, serta kolaborasi lintas sektor untuk menciptakan sistem hukum yang adil, efektif, dan humanis. Implikasi penelitian ini meliputi pengayaan literatur hukum pidana terkait penanganan narkotika, serta rekomendasi praktis bagi pembuat kebijakan dan aparat penegak hukum untuk memperluas penerapan pendekatan rehabilitatif. Penelitian ini juga membuka peluang studi lanjutan terkait efektivitas penerapan rehabilitasi dalam menekan angka residivisme kasus narkotika. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Hukum Pidana; Narkotika; Putusan Pengadilan; Rehabilitasi; Pemidanaan. Abstract This research is motivated by the limited studies on criminal law policy application toward narcotics offenders, despite the fact that this phenomenon has a significant impact on public health, social stability, and the morality of young generations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the criminal law policy in handling narcotics crimes based on Decision Number 6/Pid.Sus/2025/PN Pbl., as well as to identify challenges and obstacles in its implementation, particularly in balancing repressive and rehabilitative approaches. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through literature studies of legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions, and analyzed using qualitative legal material analysis techniques. The results show that the implementation of Law Number 35 of 2009 is still dominated by a repressive approach, although the law provides opportunities for rehabilitation for users. The main obstacles include limited evidence, inadequate rehabilitation facilities, and lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies. These findings align with the combined sentencing theory and Gustav Radbruch’s trias of law principles, which demand a balance between legal certainty, justice, and utility. The main conclusion is the need for a more proportional reform of criminal law policy, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officers, and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration to create a fair, effective, and humanistic legal system. The implications include enriching the criminal law literature on narcotics crime handling, as well as providing practical recommendations for policymakers and law enforcement agencies to expand the application of rehabilitative approaches. This study also opens opportunities for further research on the effectiveness of rehabilitation in reducing recidivism in narcotics cases. Keywords: Criminal Law Policy; Narcotics; Court Decision; Rehabilitation; Sentencing.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN PERDAGANGAN ORANG BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG Lilin Hindriyani; Mushafi Miftah
El-Iqthisadi Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.60978

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih terbatasnya studi mengenai efektivitas perlindungan hukum terhadap korban perdagangan orang, padahal fenomena ini memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap hak asasi manusia dan keamanan negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsep perlindungan hukum yang berhak didapat oleh korban perdagangan orang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, serta mengidentifikasi faktor yuridis dan non-yuridis yang menjadi kendala dalam penanganan perlindungan hukum tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan sampel berjumlah tidak spesifik karena merupakan studi pustaka yang menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur hukum. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka (bibliography study) dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap korban perdagangan orang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007, yang mencakup pemidanaan bagi pelaku serta pemenuhan hak-hak korban seperti kerahasiaan identitas, restitusi, rehabilitasi kesehatan, rehabilitasi sosial, pemulangan, dan reintegrasi sosial. Temuan ini sejalan dengan tujuan penelitian dan memperkuat teori perlindungan korban, pencegahan, dan penegakan hukum. Simpulan utama penelitian ini adalah bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi korban perdagangan orang harus bersifat holistik dan komprehensif. Implikasi penelitian ini meliputi aspek teoretis, seperti pengayaan literatur tentang perlindungan hukum korban perdagangan orang, serta aspek praktis, misalnya rekomendasi bagi aparat penegak hukum untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan implementasi UU No. 21 Tahun 2007, serta bagi pemerintah untuk mengatasi faktor-faktor non-yuridis seperti kemiskinan dan rendahnya pendidikan. Penelitian ini juga membuka peluang studi lanjutan tentang efektivitas program rehabilitasi dan reintegrasi sosial bagi korban. Kata Kunci: Hak Asasi Manusia, Korban, Perlindungan Hukum, Trafficking, Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007. Abstract This research is motivated by the limited studies on the effectiveness of legal protection for victims of human trafficking, even though this phenomenon has a significant impact on human rights and national security. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of legal protection that victims of human trafficking are entitled to based on Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking, and to identify the legal and non-legal factors that become obstacles in handling this legal protection. The method used is normative legal research, with a non-specific sample size because it is a literature study that examines laws and legal literature. Data were collected through a literature study (bibliography study) and analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that legal protection for victims of human trafficking is regulated in Law Number 21 of 2007, which includes criminal penalties for perpetrators and the fulfillment of victims' rights such as identity confidentiality, restitution, health rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, repatriation, and social reintegration. These findings are in line with the research objectives and strengthen the theory of victim protection, prevention, and law enforcement. The main conclusion of this study is that legal protection for victims of human trafficking must be holistic and comprehensive. The implications of this research include theoretical aspects, such as enriching the literature on legal protection for victims of human trafficking, as well as practical aspects, such as recommendations for law enforcement officials to improve their understanding and implementation of Law No. 21 of 2007, and for the government to address non-legal factors such as poverty and low education. This research also opens up opportunities for further study on the effectiveness of rehabilitation and social reintegration programs for victims. Keywords: Human Right, Victims, Legal Protection, Trafficking, Law No. 21 of 2007

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