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All Journal Sinergi Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Deviro, Sonya Okta
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Urban Heat Island phenomenon and the role of urban green spaces in regulating thermal comfort in Bogor City, Indonesia Deviro, Sonya Okta; Karlinasari, Lina; Nurhayati, Ati Dwi
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8391

Abstract

This study examined the intensification of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in Bogor City, Indonesia, over a ten-year period from 2013 to 2023. Rapid urbanization has led to extensive changes in land cover, primarily the conversion of vegetated areas into built-up zones. This research integrated remote sensing analysis using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery with field-based measurements of the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) to assess spatial patterns of Land Surface Temperature (LST), vegetation cover (NDVI), and built-up area expansion (NDBI). The results indicated a notable increase in UHI intensity, as reflected in the expansion of high LST zones (29-32 °C) and a reduction in cooler zones (23-26 °C). Built-up areas increased most significantly in Tanah Sareal (11.98%) and West Bogor (8.49%), while vegetation cover declined sharply, especially in North and Central Bogor. Regression analysis showed a strong negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R² = 0.59) and a positive correlation between NDBI and LST (R² = 0.60), confirming the thermal buffering role of vegetation and the heat-amplifying effect of built surfaces. THI measurements indicate widespread thermal discomfort (THI >27 °C) in densely populated urban areas. However, Central Bogor maintains lower LST and THI values, indicating better thermal comfort. These findings highlight the crucial role of urban green infrastructure in mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects, underscoring the importance of adopting nature-based solutions, such as expanding green spaces and implementing sustainable land management practices, to enhance urban climate resilience.
Land cover changes, built-up and vegetation density, and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in Pekanbaru City Sari, Meassa Monikha; Dewi, Atri Prautama; Lestari, Valdya Hartati; Deviro, Sonya Okta
SINERGI Vol 30, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.004

Abstract

Pekanbaru city has a high population growth rate and is currently experiencing rapid urbanization, which is driving urban expansion. Urban development alters land cover patterns and reduces environmental quality. The development of residential areas and infrastructure reduces vegetation, affecting Land Surface Temperature (LST) and contributing to the emergence of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. This study aims to analyze changes in land cover, examine the correlation between LST and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and then investigate the UHI phenomenon in Pekanbaru City. The research method is quantitative, using data from Pekanbaru City, an administrative map, and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery, which were spatially analyzed in ARGIS and QGIS. The novelty is the use of guided classification and maximum likelihood algorithms for land cover classification, which revealed significant changes over the five years from 2018 to 2023 in Pekanbaru City. Over 5 years, land cover in the city of Pekanbaru changed, with water bodies increasing by 23%, palm areas increasing by 5%, built-up areas increasing by 34%, and vegetation increasing by 10%, while bare land decreased by 57%. There are significant changes in built-up and vegetation density. The correlation between land surface temperature and built-up density is positive; however, it is negatively correlated with vegetation density. There is an urban heat island phenomenon in Pekanbaru City, characterized by surface temperatures exceeding the UHI threshold. 
Co-Authors Ati Dwi Nurhayati Dewi, Atri Prautama Lestari, Valdya Hartati Lina Karlinasari Meassa Monikha Sari, Meassa Monikha