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All Journal JURNAL MERCATORIA Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum RIO LAW JURNAL
Zhou, Valerie
Unknown Affiliation
Humanities Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Product Responsibility and Licensing of Skincare Product Labels in The Perspective of Justice Zhou, Valerie; Pakpahan, Kartina; Pakpahan, Elvira Fitriyani
JURNAL MERCATORIA Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL MERCATORIA JUNI
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/mercatoria.v18i1.14829

Abstract

This article aims to analyze skincare product label licensing regulations in Indonesia, examine product liability and label licensing for skincare products from the perspective of justice, and explore efforts to combat criminal acts involving the distribution of skincare products that is failed to meet the quality also the safety standards. The problem is focused on the discovery—at the beginning of 2025—of 16 cosmetic items containing harmful and/or prohibited substances, including 10 contract-manufactured products and 6 imported products, and the necessity to ensure that all skincare products on the market comply with established quality and safety standards. In order to address this problem, the theoretical frameworks of product liability theory, justice theory, and crime prevention theory are used. The data is gathered through a review of literature and sujected to qualitative analysis. This study ultimately finds that that improved dissemination of regulatory information, stricter enforcement by BPOM, and awareness among all relevant parties are required to ensure consumer protection and the integrity of skincare product labeling.
Deferred Prosecution Agreement dalam Hukum Pidana Korporasi Lingkungan: Instrumen Alternatif Penegakan Hukum untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Zhou, Valerie
RIO LAW JURNAL Vol 6, No 2 (2025): Rio Law Jurnal
Publisher : Universitas Muara Bungo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36355/rlj.v6i2.1866

Abstract

Penegakan hukum pidana terhadap korporasi dalam kasus kejahatan lingkungan di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, mulai dari kompleksitas pembuktian, keterbatasan instrumen hukum, hingga lemahnya efektivitas sanksi pidana dalam mendorong perubahan perilaku korporasi. Dalam konteks ini, Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) atau perjanjian penuntutan yang ditangguhkan muncul sebagai salah satu instrumen alternatif yang berpotensi memperkuat penegakan hukum pidana lingkungan. DPA memberikan ruang bagi korporasi untuk melakukan pemulihan, kepatuhan, dan perbaikan sistem tata kelola dengan imbalan penundaan atau penghentian penuntutan apabila kewajiban yang disepakati terpenuhi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemungkinan penerapan DPA dalam hukum pidana korporasi lingkungan Indonesia sebagai mekanisme penegakan hukum yang adaptif dan berorientasi pada pembangunan berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum. Penelitian menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan nasional, doktrin hukum pidana korporasi, serta praktik DPA di berbagai yurisdiksi seperti Amerika Serikat dan Inggris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DPA dapat menjadi instrumen yang efektif untuk menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum, efektivitas penegakan hukum, dan tujuan pemulihan lingkungan. Namun, penerapannya membutuhkan kerangka hukum yang jelas, akuntabel, dan transparan agar tidak disalahgunakan untuk menghindari pertanggungjawaban pidana. Kesimpulannya, DPA berpotensi menjadi alternatif penegakan hukum pidana korporasi lingkungan yang lebih responsif terhadap prinsip keadilan restoratif dan tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
Environmental Crime Enforcement in Indonesia: Ultimum and Primum Remedium Perspectives Zhou, Valerie
Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum VOLUME 10 ISSUE 1 OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : PDIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/jidh.v10i1.6579

Abstract

Environmental law enforcement in Indonesia continues to face significant challenges despite severe ecological and socio-economic impacts caused by environmental degradation. A key issue is the tendency to treat criminal law as primum remedium, leading to excessive criminalisation, whereas environmental law principles emphasise criminal sanctions as ultimum remedium. This imbalance weakens the role of administrative and civil instruments that are essential for achieving effective environmental restoration. This study aims to critically analyse the appropriate positioning of ultimum remedium and primum remedium within Indonesia’s environmental law enforcement framework and to identify the challenges encountered by law enforcement officials. Using a normative juridical method, it adopts a conceptual and legislative approach while examining legal doctrines and selected court decisions on environmental crimes. The findings indicate that although criminal sanctions remain crucial as deterrents, prioritising them as the main enforcement tool may undermine more substantive efforts toward ecological recovery. Strengthening administrative and civil mechanisms offers a more proportional and sustainable approach. The study concludes that Indonesia must clarify parameters for applying criminal sanctions and enhance synergy across legal instruments to realise effective environmental protection and ecological justice.
Co-Authors Elvira Fitriyani Pakpahan Kartina Pakpahan