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Envisioning Accountability through a Mobile Application: a Theoretical Framework Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Fahmida
Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): July
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jgas.v5i2.2706

Purpose: The accountability of public officials is a cornerstone of democratic systems; however, citizens often struggle to oversee delegated authorities effectively because of population growth and governance complexity. This study proposes a mobile application designed to bridge this gap by enabling direct citizen engagement, real-time oversight, and transparency through an autonomous accountability committee. Methods: This theoretical study employed a qualitative, hypothesis-driven approach that integrated governance principles, technological feasibility assessments, and comparative analyses. Results: The proposed framework enables structured citizen participation in accountability processes through features such as complaint submission, voting, data audits, oversight, and investigative reporting. By aligning governance processes with democratic principles, the system fosters transparency, trust, and public administration responsibility. Conclusion: The framework for an accountability mobile application leverages technology to improve transparency, citizen engagement, and government oversight. It addresses inefficiencies in traditional systems while overcoming challenges such as data security and legal recognition. Compared with existing digital tools, this system offers stronger engagement and enforcement. Future research should focus on pilot implementations to assess their impact on governance and public trust. Limitations: As the research is entirely theoretical, practical challenges such as government adoption, cyber security risks, legal compliance, and technological scalability remain untested. The feasibility of implementation depends on institutional cooperation and regulatory adaptation. Contributions: This research advances the discourse on democratic oversight, digital accountability, and citizen empowerment in public administration. Key features include AI monitoring, blockchain security, decentralized participation, and technology-based digital mechanisms, along with existing methods to ensure an effective accountability system.

Performance Assessment of Maximum Likelihood, Random Forest and Support Vector Machines Classifier for Urban Land Use Classification: A Case Study of Dhaka Metropolitan City, Bangladesh Alam, Ha-mim Ebne; Uddin, Md. Nizam; Ahmed, Kazi Tawkir; Hasan, Md. Jahidul; Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Hoque, Md. Enamul
Jurnal Geospasial Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jgise.73283

Segmentation of remotely sensed satellite images is obligatory for multifarious earth observation studies, including land use and land cover (LULC) analysis. It is also inherent in environment, ecosystem, and urban development in analytical perspectives and complex inputs for modeling urban planning and disaster management. Assessment of LULC pattern uses different segmentation methods for assigning specific given classes to pixels of bands containing an image of natural color composite to define land use land cover classes such as water body, vegetation, bare soil, and built-up areas. The process of assigning classes to pixels varies from one to another, and thus, different accuracy levels are obtained. The accuracy of frequently used methods for LULC classification was assessed in this study, where the Dhaka metropolitan area has been taken as a sample to observe the LULC. The classification was conducted by using three methods where the Support vector machines classification (SVMC) produced the best accuracy results of 83.2% overall accuracy and overall kappa coefficient value of 0.74 than both random forest classification (RFC) and maximum likelihood classification (MLC) methods with 86.34% and 83% spatial similarity rate respectively. Besides, RFC and MLC are roughly equivalent in kappa and overall accuracy values, though MLC revealed less capability at classifying vegetation. However, MLC showed a high spatial similarity with RFC and dissimilarity with SVMC. This study on segmentation methods in classifying LULC will help users make an informed choice in selecting the best method for relevant studies.

Envisioning Accountability through a Mobile Application: a Theoretical Framework Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Fahmida
Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): July
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jgas.v5i2.2706

Purpose: The accountability of public officials is a cornerstone of democratic systems; however, citizens often struggle to oversee delegated authorities effectively because of population growth and governance complexity. This study proposes a mobile application designed to bridge this gap by enabling direct citizen engagement, real-time oversight, and transparency through an autonomous accountability committee. Methods: This theoretical study employed a qualitative, hypothesis-driven approach that integrated governance principles, technological feasibility assessments, and comparative analyses. Results: The proposed framework enables structured citizen participation in accountability processes through features such as complaint submission, voting, data audits, oversight, and investigative reporting. By aligning governance processes with democratic principles, the system fosters transparency, trust, and public administration responsibility. Conclusion: The framework for an accountability mobile application leverages technology to improve transparency, citizen engagement, and government oversight. It addresses inefficiencies in traditional systems while overcoming challenges such as data security and legal recognition. Compared with existing digital tools, this system offers stronger engagement and enforcement. Future research should focus on pilot implementations to assess their impact on governance and public trust. Limitations: As the research is entirely theoretical, practical challenges such as government adoption, cyber security risks, legal compliance, and technological scalability remain untested. The feasibility of implementation depends on institutional cooperation and regulatory adaptation. Contributions: This research advances the discourse on democratic oversight, digital accountability, and citizen empowerment in public administration. Key features include AI monitoring, blockchain security, decentralized participation, and technology-based digital mechanisms, along with existing methods to ensure an effective accountability system.

Experiences and Challenges of Hijra (Transgender) People in Accessing Healthcare Services: A Qualitative Study in Rajshahi City Corporation Md. Mahmud Hasan; S. M. Mokhlasur Rahman; Arafat, Md. Yeasir
INTERDISIPLIN: Journal of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/interdisiplin.v2i6.128

In South Asia, Hijras are transgender, intersex, or eunuch people who live in close communities. In Bangladesh, they remain socially excluded and stigmatized. Although their gender identity is legally recognized, studies show they still face barriers in accessing healthcare. This research explores the healthcare experiences of Hijras in different service sectors. It is based on 79 in-depth interviews and 3 key-informant interviews, analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings show that public hospitals only provide male- and female-focused facilities, with no separate arrangements for Hijra patients. Many faced verbal harassment, blame for their illnesses, and unequal treatment. Health providers also lacked awareness of Hijra identity and culture. The study recommends formally including Hijra as a gender category in the healthcare system to reduce discrimination and ensure fair healthcare access for them.

The Perception of Impact of Money in Local Government Election: A Study of Chapainawabganj Sadar Mst. Sadia Khatun; Mahmud , Dr. Md. Sultan; Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Alam , Md. Mahbubul
ENGAGEMENT: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): Community Empowerment and Services
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/engagement.v4i4.176

Fair and transparent elections, composed of informed citizenry and worthy leaders, are the lifeblood of a democratic system. The study upholds the significant and multifaceted role that money plays in influencing the outcomes of local government elections, with a particular focus on Chapainawabganj Sadar. In recent years, the influence of financial power in democratic processes, especially at the grassroots level, has become increasingly evident. This research aims to understand how monetary involvement affects voter behavior, candidate selection, campaign strategies, and ultimately, election results in the region. Through both quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and analysis, the study finds that money is a dominant factor in determining electoral success. Candidates with substantial financial resources are able to conduct extensive campaigns, offer incentives to voters, and gain higher visibility through posters, banners, and media coverage. On the other hand, financially weaker candidates often struggle to compete on an equal footing, regardless of their merit or community support. The findings also suggest that voters in Chapainawabganj Sadar are increasingly becoming influenced by short-term material benefits such as cash, gifts, or promises of future favours, which undermines the essence of free and fair elections. This economic influence not only distorts democratic values, but also leads to the election of individuals who may prioritize personal or business interests over public welfare. Overall, the research concludes that the impact of money in local elections is deep-rooted and complex. In the case of Chapainawabganj Sadar, it not only affects the fairness of electoral competition, but also raises serious questions about the quality of representation and accountability in local government. The study calls for stronger regulations, greater transparency, and civic awareness to ensure a more democratic and equitable electoral process at the local level.

Economic Hardship and Academic Pursuit: A Study of Students in Higher Education Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Md. Mahbubul Alam; Namisa Tabassum; Fahmida; Ismit Jarin Riche; Subradeb Chakma
International Journal of Educational Sciences and Development Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijesd.v3i2.1579

Purpose Economic hardship remains a major barrier for students in higher education, affecting their learning experiences and academic outcomes. This study examines how financial difficulties influence students’ access to essential resources, academic performance, mental health, and overall progress. It also aims to highlight the strategies students use to cope with these challenges and the role of institutional support programs in helping them succeed. This research relies on secondary data collected from previous studies, reports, and institutional statistics. Through careful review and analysis of these sources, the study identifies key patterns and trends showing how financial constraints shape students’ academic experiences and opportunities. Findings The analysis reveals that students from low-income backgrounds often face difficulties accessing learning materials, technology, and campus activities, which can slow their academic progress and increase the risk of dropping out. At the same time, many students demonstrate resilience, self-motivation, and the ability to overcome challenges, especially when supported by targeted institutional programs. The findings underscore the importance of policy interventions and university-led support initiatives to ensure more equitable opportunities in higher education for financially disadvantaged students.

Comparative Trends in Political Culture: A Study of Western Nations & Bangladesh Rafia Tasnim Setu; Mahmud , Md. Sultan; Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Alam , Md. Mahbubul
HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): History and Cultural Innovation
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/historical.v4i4.229

Political culture is the shared beliefs, values, and attitudes of people about politics and government. It examines public attitudes towards democracy and government. The objectives of this research article are to compare political culture in Western nations and government with that of Bangladesh. The political cultures of Western democracies, such as the U.S. and European nations, are characterized by individualism, secularism, and a strong emphasis on democratic norms. In contrast, Bangladesh exhibits a more collectivist political culture, influenced by its colonial history, cultural traditions, and the challenges of a developing nation. This paper highlights the impact of these cultural differences on political participation, trust in government, and policy outcomes. The study finds that Western nations often exhibit higher political participation, trust in institutions, and a stronger sense of individual political rights. In contrast, Bangladesh shows more collective political engagement, influenced by social hierarchies, historical legacies, and political instability. The role of media in shaping political discourse also varies, with Western nations benefiting from diverse media outlets, while Bangladesh’s media is often constrained by political pressures. These differences reflect how culture and history shape distinct political attitudes and behaviors in both regions. Furthermore, it uses a qualitative approach, relying solely on secondary data sources such as academic articles, reports, and surveys to examine political culture trends. No primary data collection is involved.

Contemporary student politics in Bangladesh: Impacts, trends, and insights from the University of Rajshahi Barik, Md. Abdul; Nahar, Mst. Quamrun; Arafat, Md. Yeasir
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i1.910

The increase in student politics helps students gain leadership power and become aware. However, university campuses are being contaminated with violence, party interests, personal benefits, and more. Student politics has both negative and positive impacts on society. This study, which is based on primary data gathered from 100 respondents at the University of Rajshahi, aims to examine the role of student politics in Bangladesh from July 2024 to date, to know people’s opinion about student politics, to assess the impact of student politics on academic and governance activities, and to identify the positive and negative aspects of student politics. A purposive sampling method was used. The study shows two sides of the coin on students’ politics: On one side of the coin, it makes the student leader politically aware. However, it hampers the normal functioning of educational institutions, creating administrative problems, violence, and many more. The researchers have offered some practical recommendations for reform at the end of the study for student politics to uphold a positive role in democracy and institutions, and the significance of democratization, transparency, and accountability.

What Makes a University? Conceptual Determinants from a Contextual Perspective Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Md. Sobuj Mia; Md. Amirul Islam; Md. Radone Islam Ridoy; Fahmida , Fahmida
COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Transformative Education and Learning
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/competitive.v5i1.232

The term “university” carries a long intellectual, historical, and cultural legacy, yet the criteria for recognizing an institution as a university remain fluid and context-dependent. This study seeks to explore how an institution comes to be regarded as a university by examining the conceptual, historical, structural, and societal determinants that shape this recognition. Drawing on a qualitative and interpretive approach, the paper analyzes classical understandings of the university, traces the evolution of the term, and examines contemporary expectations surrounding higher education institutions. The discussion highlights that the idea of a university extends beyond legal designation; it is rooted in scholarly traditions, academic autonomy, breadth of knowledge, research culture, institutional mission, globalization, and societal perception. The findings reveal that while regulatory standards provide formal recognition, the deeper legitimacy of a university emerges from its ability to cultivate knowledge, uphold intellectual freedom, and contribute meaningfully to society. This conceptual inquiry therefore offers a contextual framework for understanding how institutions attain the identity of a university, and why this identity continues to evolve in response to educational, cultural, and global transformations.

Modernization and the Role of the Military as a Vehicle of Modernization Arafat, Md. Yeasir; Fahmida, Fahmida
HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): History and Cultural Innovation
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/historical.v5i1.239

Modernization is the process through which societies transform from traditional structures to modern systems, involving economic, political, social, and cultural change. The military, as one of the most organized and disciplined institutions, often serves as a vehicle for modernization by introducing technological innovations, fostering national unity, developing infrastructure, and promoting education and skills. However, military-led modernization faces challenges, including lack of democratic legitimacy, overcentralization of power, inequality, cultural conflicts, and sustainability issues. This research explores the concept and nature of modernization, examines the role of the military in facilitating societal change, and provides a balanced perspective on the limitations and potential of military-driven modernization. The study highlights that while the military can accelerate modernization, sustainable and inclusive development requires cooperation with civilian institutions and democratic governance.

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